Test 15 · ★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 3: Toad's Adve…

★★★ Toad says his children are «playing with matches — and upsetting lamps». Why is that a strange thing for a loving parent to say so cheerfully?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★ ★, children · What happens: say, play, be · To what, where: strange thing · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 15 · ★ of lesson 54 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 3: Toad's Adventures (no money, no pocket, and the engine-driver)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ Toad says his children are «playing with matches — and upsetting lamps».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 ★	compound
2	★	★	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 says	nsubj
3	★	★	ADP	_	4 Toad	case
4	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 ★	nmod
5	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 children	nmod:poss
7	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 playing	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 playing	aux
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 playing	punct
10	playing	play	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 says	ccomp
11	with	with	ADP	_	12 matches	case
12	matches	match	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 playing	obl
13	—	-	PUNCT	_	16 lamps	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 lamps	cc
15	upsetting	upsetting	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 lamps	amod
16	lamps	lamp	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 says	parataxis
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 lamps	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	★ ★ ★ Toad						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	play in a quote	present · progressive	★'s children					with matches	vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with match=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is that a strange thing for a loving parent to say so cheerfully?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 thing	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 thing	cop
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 thing	mark
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 thing	det
5	strange	strange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 thing	amod
6	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	for	for	ADP	_	10 parent	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 parent	det
9	loving	loving	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 parent	amod
10	parent	parent	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 thing	nmod
11	to	to	PART	_	12 say	mark
12	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 thing	acl
13	so	so	ADV	_	14 cheerfully	advmod
14	cheerfully	cheerfully	ADV	_	12 say	advmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 thing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		a strange thing				for a loving parent	tree rules
2	say speech: assert	to-infinitive						cheerfully property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

It's sweet, because children always love the lamps and matches at home

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sweet	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sweet	cop
3	sweet	sweet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 love	punct
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 love	mark
6	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 love	nsubj
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	8 love	advmod
8	love	love	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sweet	conj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 lamps	det
10	lamps	lamp	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 love	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 matches	cc
12	matches	match	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 lamps	conj
13	at	at	ADP	_	14 home	case
14	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 love	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					sweet property	tree rules
2	love	present	children	the lamps and matches		home		always property	vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lamp=Stimulus

Option 2

It is a fine old saying

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 saying	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 saying	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 saying	det
4	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 saying	amod
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 saying	amod
6	saying	saying	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a fine old saying					tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It's dangerous, yet he calls them «the little innocents»: this shows Toad is a loving father who has never once been careless

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 dangerous	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dangerous	cop
3	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 calls	punct
5	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	7 calls	cc
6	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 calls	nsubj
7	calls	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dangerous	conj
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 calls	obj
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	12 innocents	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 innocents	det
11	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 innocents	amod
12	innocents	innocent	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 calls	xcomp
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 innocents	punct
14	:	:	PUNCT	_	16 shows	punct
15	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	16 shows	nsubj
16	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dangerous	conj
17	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 father	nsubj
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 father	cop
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 father	det
20	loving	loving	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 father	amod
21	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 shows	ccomp
22	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	23 has	nsubj
23	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 father	acl:relcl
24	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	23 has	advmod
25	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	27 careless	advmod
26	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	27 careless	cop
27	careless	careless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 has	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		dangerous property	tree rules
2	call	present	he	them = they		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient
3	show	present	this			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is a	present	Toad	a loving father		tree rules
5	not have	present	a loving father			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
6	is	participle	a loving father not said here		careless, once property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It's dangerous, yet he calls them «the little innocents»: he is making it up

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 dangerous	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dangerous	cop
3	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 calls	punct
5	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	7 calls	cc
6	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 calls	nsubj
7	calls	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dangerous	conj
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 calls	obj
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	12 innocents	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 innocents	det
11	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 innocents	amod
12	innocents	innocent	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 calls	xcomp
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 innocents	punct
14	:	:	PUNCT	_	17 making	punct
15	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 making	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 making	aux
17	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 dangerous	conj
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 making	obj
19	up	up	ADP	_	17 making	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		dangerous property	tree rules
2	call	present	he	them = they		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient
3	make up	present · progressive	he	it		vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Pivot

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/54-willows-ch8-part3-no-money-no-pocket/t15/