Exam question 4 · Greek Myths, The Odyssey, part 64: Odysseus blinds Polyphe…

What fate befell the companions of Odysseus who drank the wine of Circe?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: fate, companions · What happens: befall, drink · To what, where: companions, wine

This is exam question 4 of lesson 558 «Greek Myths, The Odyssey, part 64: Odysseus blinds Polyphemus, escapes the winds and the Laestrygones, and meets Circe» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	DET	PronType=Int	2 fate	det
2	fate	fate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 befell	nsubj
3	befell	befall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 companions	det
5	companions	companion	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 befell	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Odysseus	case
7	Odysseus	Odysseus	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 companions	nmod
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 drank	nsubj
9	drank	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 companions	acl:relcl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 wine	det
11	wine	wine	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 drank	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 Circe	case
13	Circe	Circe	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 wine	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 befell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	befall	past	what fate	the companions of Odysseus					tree rules
2	drink	past	the companions of Odysseus	the wine of Circe					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wine=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They were turned into pigs but kept their human minds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 turned	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 turned	aux:pass
3	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 pigs	case
5	pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 turned	obl:agent
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 kept	cc
7	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 turned	conj
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 minds	nmod:poss
9	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 minds	amod
10	minds	mind	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 kept	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	turn	past · passive	pigs	They	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	keep	past	pigs not said here	pigs's human minds	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Theme
3	mind		pigs = pig		nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

They were changed into swine and then imprisoned in Circe's sty for a year

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 changed	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 changed	aux:pass
3	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 swine	case
5	swine	swine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changed	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 imprisoned	cc
7	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	8 imprisoned	advmod
8	imprisoned	imprison	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 changed	conj
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 sty	case
10	Circe	Circe	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 sty	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 Circe	case
12	sty	sty	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 imprisoned	obl
13	for	for	ADP	_	15 year	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 year	det
15	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	past · passive		They			year	into swine result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: subject=Patient into swine=Result
2	imprison	participle				Circe's sty	then		vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in sty=Destination

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They were transformed into swine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 transformed	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 transformed	aux:pass
3	transformed	transform	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 swine	case
5	swine	swine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 transformed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transform	past · passive		They				into swine result	vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: subject=Patient into swine=Result

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

They were changed into dogs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 changed	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 changed	aux:pass
3	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 dogs	case
5	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 changed	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	past · passive	dogs	They					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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