Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 1: Wayfarers All…

Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the Water Rat's conduct in the field?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: established facts, Water Rat · What happens: follow, be, establish, concern, conduct · To what, where: conduct, field

This is exam question 4 of lesson 56 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 1: Wayfarers All (change in the air)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 consistent	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 consistent	cop
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 facts	det
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 facts	amod
11	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 facts	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Rat	det
14	Water	Water	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Rat	compound
15	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 conduct	nmod:poss
16	's	's	PART	_	15 Rat	case
17	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerning	obj
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 field	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 field	det
20	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerning	obl
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 consistent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present				of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the Water Rat's conduct	the field		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus conduct=Experiencer
5	conduct		the Water Rat				nom conduct «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He politely declined to assist the mice, tripped over a hat-box in the field, and then walked slowly back to his river in a sulk

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 declined	nsubj
2	politely	politely	ADV	_	3 declined	advmod
3	declined	decline	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 assist	mark
5	assist	assist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 declined	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 mice	det
7	mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 assist	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 tripped	punct
9	tripped	trip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 declined	conj
10	over	over	ADP	_	14 box	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 box	det
12	hat	hat	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 box	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 hat	punct
14	box	box	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 tripped	obl
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 field	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 field	det
17	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 tripped	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 walked	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 walked	cc
20	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	21 walked	advmod
21	walked	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 declined	conj
22	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	23 back	advmod
23	back	back	ADV	_	21 walked	advmod
24	to	to	ADP	_	26 river	case
25	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 river	nmod:poss
26	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 back	obl
27	in	in	ADP	_	29 sulk	case
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 sulk	det
29	sulk	sulk	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 walked	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decline	past	He				politely property	vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not assist	to-infinitive	He not said here	the mice				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Beneficiary
3	trip	past	He not said here		a hat box		in the field	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over box=Trajectory
4	walk	past	He not said here		a sulk	then		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sulk=Trajectory

Option 2

He was asked to help, he agreed at once, tripped over a hatbox, dropped every pile of grain, and was carried home by the mice in a cart

The tree, 28 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 asked	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 asked	aux:pass
3	asked	ask	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 help	mark
5	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 asked	xcomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 agreed	punct
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 agreed	nsubj
8	agreed	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 asked	parataxis
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 once	case
10	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	8 agreed	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 tripped	punct
12	tripped	trip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 agreed	parataxis
13	over	over	ADP	_	15 hatbox	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 hatbox	det
15	hatbox	hatbox	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 tripped	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 dropped	punct
17	dropped	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 tripped	conj
18	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	19 pile	det
19	pile	pile	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 dropped	obj
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 grain	case
21	grain	grain	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 pile	nmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 carried	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 carried	cc
24	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 carried	aux:pass
25	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 asked	parataxis
26	home	home	ADV	_	25 carried	advmod
27	by	by	ADP	_	29 mice	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 mice	det
29	mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 carried	obl
30	in	in	ADP	_	32 cart	case
31	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 cart	det
32	cart	cart	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 carried	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	past · passive		He			vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
2	help not said to happen	to-infinitive	He not said here				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
3	agree speech: agree	past	he				vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	trip	past			a hatbox		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over hatbox=Trajectory
5	drop	past		every pile of grain			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pile=Theme
6	carry	past · passive	the mice		a cart	home property	vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in cart=Location

Option 3

He refused the picnic and sulked by the wheat-field all afternoon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 refused	nsubj
2	refused	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 picnic	det
4	picnic	picnic	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 refused	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 sulked	cc
6	sulked	sulk	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 refused	conj
7	by	by	ADP	_	11 field	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 field	det
9	wheat	wheat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 field	compound
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 wheat	punct
11	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sulked	obl
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	13 afternoon	det
13	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 refused	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refuse	past	He	the picnic			afternoon		vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picnic=Theme
2	sulk	participle	He not said here					by the wheat field	vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

He declined to assist, tripped over a hat-box and withdrew to his river

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 declined	nsubj
2	declined	decline	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 assist	mark
4	assist	assist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 declined	xcomp
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 tripped	punct
6	tripped	trip	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 assist	obj
7	over	over	ADP	_	11 box	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 box	det
9	hat	hat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 box	compound
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 hat	punct
11	box	box	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tripped	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 withdrew	cc
13	withdrew	withdraw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 declined	conj
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 river	case
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 river	nmod:poss
16	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 withdrew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	decline	past	He		vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not assist	to-infinitive	He not said here		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
3	trip	participle		a hat box	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over box=Trajectory
4	withdraw	past	He not said here	his river	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to river=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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