Exam question 1 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All…

Identify the hardships enumerated by the swallow who once essayed to remain throughout the winter.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, swallow · What happens: identify, enumerate, essay, remain · To what, where: hardships

This is exam question 1 of lesson 57 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 hardships	det
3	hardships	hardship	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Identify	obj
4	enumerated	enumerate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 hardships	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 swallow	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 swallow	det
7	swallow	swallow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 enumerated	obl
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 essayed	nsubj
9	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	10 essayed	advmod
10	essayed	essay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 swallow	acl:relcl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 remain	mark
12	remain	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 essayed	xcomp
13	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	15 winter	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 winter	det
15	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 remain	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the hardships			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent hardship=Theme
2	enumerate	participle		the hardships not said here		by the swallow	tree rules
3	essay	past	the swallow			once property	tree rules
4	remain	to-infinitive	the swallow not said here		winter		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Freezing gales, bare trees, and no food to find

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Freezing	freezing	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 gales	amod
2	gales	gale	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 trees	punct
4	bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 trees	amod
5	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 gales	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 food	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 food	cc
8	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	9 food	det
9	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 gales	conj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 find	mark
11	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 food	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	to-infinitive							vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Long nights, sunless days, frost and no insects found

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 nights	amod
2	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 days	punct
4	sunless	sunless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 days	amod
5	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 nights	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 frost	punct
7	frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 nights	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 insects	cc
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 insects	det
10	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 nights	conj
11	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 nights	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	participle		Long nights and sunless days and frost and no insects not said here					vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Long nights, sunless days, chill air, an absence of insects, and the loss of every nest in the eaves

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 nights	amod
2	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 chill	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 days	punct
4	sunless	sunless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 days	amod
5	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 nights	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 chill	punct
7	chill	chill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 chill	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 absence	punct
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 absence	det
11	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 chill	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 insects	case
13	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 absence	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 loss	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 loss	cc
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 loss	det
17	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 chill	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 nest	case
19	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	20 nest	det
20	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 loss	nmod
21	in	in	ADP	_	23 eaves	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 eaves	det
23	eaves	eave	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 chill	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chill	present	Long nights and sunless days	air		the eaves		a absence of insects obl; the loss of every nest obl	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus air=Experiencer
2	absent			insects					nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Long nights, sunless days, chill air and an absence of insects

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 nights	amod
2	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 chill	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 days	punct
4	sunless	sunless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 days	amod
5	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 nights	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 nights	punct
7	chill	chill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 chill	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 absence	cc
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 absence	det
11	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 air	conj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 insects	case
13	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 absence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chill	present	Long nights and sunless days	air and a absence of insects					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus air=Experiencer
2	absent			insects					nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/e1/