Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All…

Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the Downs?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: established facts · What happens: follow, be, establish, concern · To what, where: Downs

This is exam question 4 of lesson 57 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 consistent	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 consistent	cop
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 facts	det
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 facts	amod
11	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 facts	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Downs	det
14	Downs	Down	PROPN	Number=Plur	12 concerning	obj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 consistent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present			of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the Downs		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus down=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They were a sizeable range of chalk hills that the Rat only glimpsed from his bank, and rarely visited

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 range	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 range	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 range	det
4	sizeable	sizeable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 range	amod
5	range	range	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 hills	case
7	chalk	chalk	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hills	compound
8	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 range	nmod
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 glimpsed	obj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Rat	det
11	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 glimpsed	nsubj
12	only	only	ADV	_	13 glimpsed	advmod
13	glimpsed	glimpse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 hills	acl:relcl
14	from	from	ADP	_	16 bank	case
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 bank	nmod:poss
16	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 glimpsed	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 visited	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 visited	cc
19	rarely	rarely	ADV	_	20 visited	advmod
20	visited	visit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 range	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	past	They	a sizeable range		of chalk hills	tree rules
2	glimpse	participle	the Rat	chalk hills	Rat's bank		vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus
3	visit	participle				rarely property	vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

They were the frontier of his world; the Rat saw sea and sunshine past them but never cared

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 frontier	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 frontier	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 frontier	det
4	frontier	frontier	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 world	case
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 world	nmod:poss
7	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 frontier	nmod
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 saw	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Rat	det
10	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 saw	nsubj
11	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 frontier	acl:relcl
12	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 saw	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 sunshine	cc
14	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 sea	conj
15	past	past	ADP	_	16 them	case
16	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 saw	obl
17	but	but	CCONJ	_	19 cared	cc
18	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	19 cared	advmod
19	cared	care	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 saw	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	past	They	the frontier	of his world	tree rules
2	see	past	the Rat	sea and sunshine	past sea	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sea=Stimulus
3	not care	participle	the Rat not said here			vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They had formerly constituted the limit of the Water Rat's horizon, beyond which he cared to know nothing

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 constituted	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 constituted	aux
3	formerly	formerly	ADV	_	4 constituted	advmod
4	constituted	constitute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 limit	det
6	limit	limit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 constituted	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	12 horizon	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Rat	det
9	Water	Water	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Rat	compound
10	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 horizon	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 Rat	case
12	horizon	horizon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 limit	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 cared	punct
14	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	15 which	case
15	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 cared	obl
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 cared	nsubj
17	cared	care	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 constituted	conj
18	to	to	PART	_	19 know	mark
19	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 cared	xcomp
20	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	19 know	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	constitute	past · perfect	They	the limit of the Water Rat's horizon	formerly property	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme limit=Pivot
2	care	past	he			vn care-88.1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	know	to-infinitive	he not said here	nothing		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus

Option 4

They had formerly constituted the limit of the Water Rat's horizon, beyond which he cared to know nothing, and he had never crossed the crest even once in all his life along the river

The tree, 35 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 constituted	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 constituted	aux
3	formerly	formerly	ADV	_	4 constituted	advmod
4	constituted	constitute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 limit	det
6	limit	limit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 constituted	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	12 horizon	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Rat	det
9	Water	Water	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Rat	compound
10	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 horizon	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 Rat	case
12	horizon	horizon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 limit	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 cared	punct
14	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	15 which	case
15	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 cared	obl
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 cared	nsubj
17	cared	care	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 constituted	conj
18	to	to	PART	_	19 know	mark
19	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 cared	xcomp
20	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	19 know	obj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 crossed	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 crossed	cc
23	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 crossed	nsubj
24	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 crossed	aux
25	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	26 crossed	advmod
26	crossed	cross	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 constituted	conj
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 crest	det
28	crest	crest	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 crossed	obj
29	even	even	ADV	_	30 once	advmod
30	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	26 crossed	advmod
31	in	in	ADP	_	34 life	case
32	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	34 life	det:predet
33	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	34 life	nmod:poss
34	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 once	obl
35	along	along	ADP	_	37 river	case
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 river	det
37	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 crossed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	constitute	past · perfect	They	the limit of the Water Rat's horizon	formerly property	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme limit=Pivot
2	care	past	he			vn care-88.1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	know	to-infinitive	he not said here	nothing		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus
4	not cross	past · perfect	he	the crest	along the river; once property	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crest=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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