Exam question 1 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 4: Wayfarers All…

Identify the method by which the casks of wine were conveyed ashore at Alassio.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, method · What happens: identify, convey · To what, where: method, casks, Alassio

This is exam question 1 of lesson 59 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 4: Wayfarers All (the voyage and lunch by the road)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 method	det
3	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 conveyed	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 casks	det
7	casks	cask	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 conveyed	nsubj:pass
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 wine	case
9	wine	wine	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 casks	nmod
10	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 conveyed	aux:pass
11	conveyed	convey	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 method	acl:relcl
12	ashore	ashore	ADV	_	11 conveyed	advmod
13	at	at	ADP	_	14 Alassio	case
14	Alassio	Alassio	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 conveyed	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the method					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent method=Theme
2	convey	past · passive	the method	the casks of wine		Alassio		ashore property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They were cast overboard, linked by a line, and drawn ashore by boats

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 cast	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 cast	aux:pass
3	cast	cast	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	overboard	overboard	ADV	_	3 cast	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 linked	punct
6	linked	link	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 cast	conj
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 line	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 line	det
9	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 linked	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 drawn	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 drawn	cc
12	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 cast	conj
13	ashore	ashore	ADV	_	12 drawn	advmod
14	by	by	ADP	_	15 boats	case
15	boats	boat	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 drawn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cast	past · passive	They	overboard property	vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product
2	link	participle		by a line	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
3	draw	participle		by boats; ashore property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They were lowered on ropes into the harbour, then pulled ashore by a team of horses who waded through the shallows

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lowered	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 lowered	aux:pass
3	lowered	lower	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 ropes	case
5	ropes	rope	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lowered	obl
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 harbour	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 harbour	det
8	harbour	harbour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lowered	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 pulled	punct
10	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 pulled	advmod
11	pulled	pull	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 lowered	conj
12	ashore	ashore	ADV	_	11 pulled	advmod
13	by	by	ADP	_	15 team	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 team	det
15	team	team	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 pulled	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 horses	case
17	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 team	nmod
18	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 waded	nsubj
19	waded	wade	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 horses	acl:relcl
20	through	through	ADP	_	22 shallows	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 shallows	det
22	shallows	shallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 waded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lower	past · passive		They	ropes		into the harbour	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme on rope=Destination into harbour=Initial_Location
2	pull	participle				then	by a team of horses; ashore property	vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	wade	past	horses		the shallows			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through shallow=Trajectory

Option 3

They were floated ashore in tied groups by small rowing boats

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 floated	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 floated	aux:pass
3	floated	float	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	ashore	ashore	ADV	_	3 floated	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 groups	case
6	tied	tie	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 groups	amod
7	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 floated	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	11 boats	case
9	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 boats	amod
10	rowing	rowing	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 boats	compound
11	boats	boat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 floated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	past · passive		They		tied groups		by small rowing boats; ashore property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.agent V NP.theme PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: subject=Theme in group=Source by boat=Trajectory
2	tie	participle							vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 4

They were dropped overboard in a long bobbing line, each one tied to the next, then rowed into shore by crew in small boats at dawn

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 dropped	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 dropped	aux:pass
3	dropped	drop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	overboard	overboard	ADV	_	3 dropped	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	9 line	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 line	det
7	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 line	amod
8	bobbing	bobbing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 line	compound
9	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dropped	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 one	punct
11	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	12 one	det
12	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 line	appos
13	tied	tie	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 one	acl
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 next	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 next	det
16	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 tied	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 rowed	punct
18	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	19 rowed	advmod
19	rowed	row	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 dropped	conj
20	into	into	ADP	_	21 shore	case
21	shore	shore	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 rowed	obl
22	by	by	ADP	_	23 crew	case
23	crew	crew	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 rowed	obl
24	in	in	ADP	_	26 boats	case
25	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 boats	amod
26	boats	boat	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 rowed	obl
27	at	at	ADP	_	28 dawn	case
28	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 boats	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drop	past · passive	They	a long bobbing line		overboard property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in line=Destination
2	tie	participle	each one not said here			to the next	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to next=Co-Patient
3	row	participle		shore	then	by crew; in small boats at dawn	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into shore=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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