Exam question 2 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 4: Wayfarers All…

State the reason adduced by the seafarer for his reluctance to partake of luncheon indoors.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: adduce, partake · To what, where: State reason

This is exam question 2 of lesson 59 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 4: Wayfarers All (the voyage and lunch by the road)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reason	compound
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	adduced	adduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 seafarer	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 seafarer	det
7	seafarer	seafarer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 adduced	obl
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 reluctance	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 reluctance	nmod:poss
10	reluctance	reluctance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 adduced	obl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 partake	mark
12	partake	partake	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 adduced	advcl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 luncheon	case
14	luncheon	luncheon	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 partake	obl
15	indoors	indoors	ADV	_	14 luncheon	advmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	adduce	participle		the State reason not said here				by the seafarer; for his reluctance	tree rules
2	partake	to-infinitive						of luncheon	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He prefers open air and does not like to eat in small rooms

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 prefers	nsubj
2	prefers	prefer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 air	amod
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 prefers	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 like	cc
6	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 like	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 like	advmod
8	like	like	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 prefers	conj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 eat	mark
10	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 like	xcomp
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 rooms	case
12	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 rooms	amod
13	rooms	room	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 eat	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	prefer	present	He	open air		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer air=Stimulus
2	not like	present · do-support	He not said here			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	eat not said to happen	to-infinitive	He not said here		small rooms	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

He dislikes going below and would rather eat outdoors, because the food indoors is always too strong and he finds it hard to sleep after a large meal, which he always does

The tree, 32 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 dislikes	nsubj
2	dislikes	dislike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	going	go	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 dislikes	xcomp
4	below	below	ADV	_	3 going	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 eat	cc
6	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 eat	aux
7	rather	rather	ADV	_	8 eat	advmod
8	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 dislikes	conj
9	outdoors	outdoors	ADV	_	8 eat	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 strong	punct
11	because	because	SCONJ	_	18 strong	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 food	det
13	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 strong	nsubj
14	indoors	indoors	ADV	_	13 food	advmod
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 strong	cop
16	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	18 strong	advmod
17	too	too	ADV	_	18 strong	advmod
18	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 eat	advcl
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 finds	cc
20	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 finds	nsubj
21	finds	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 dislikes	conj
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 finds	obj
23	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 finds	xcomp
24	to	to	PART	_	25 sleep	mark
25	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 hard	xcomp
26	after	after	ADP	_	29 meal	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 meal	det
28	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 meal	amod
29	meal	meal	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 sleep	obl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 does	punct
31	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	34 does	obj
32	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 does	nsubj
33	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	34 does	advmod
34	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 meal	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	dislike	present	He				vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	go	gerund	He not said here			below property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	eat	would	He not said here			outdoors property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is	present	the food			always, strong property	tree rules
5	find	present	he	food		hard property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
6	sleep	to-infinitive	food not said here		after a large meal		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	do	present	he	a large meal		always property	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Eventuality

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

His aversion to going under hatches and the likelihood of his falling asleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 aversion	nmod:poss
2	aversion	aversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	to	to	SCONJ	_	4 going	mark
4	going	go	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 aversion	acl
5	under	under	ADP	_	6 hatches	case
6	hatches	hatch	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 going	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 likelihood	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 likelihood	det
9	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hatches	conj
10	of	of	SCONJ	_	12 falling	mark
11	his	his	PRON	Gender=Masc Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 falling	nsubj
12	falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 likelihood	acl
13	asleep	asleep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 falling	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	go	gerund			hatches and the likelihood		vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under hatch=Location
2	fall	gerund	his = he	the likelihood not said here		asleep property	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient likelihood=Result
3	avert		His = he				nom aversion «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

His distaste for going below decks, together with the fact that he would be likely to fall asleep after the meal, and the inconvenience of the stairs

The tree, 27 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 distaste	nmod:poss
2	distaste	distaste	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	for	for	SCONJ	_	4 going	mark
4	going	go	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 distaste	acl
5	below	below	ADP	_	6 decks	case
6	decks	deck	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 going	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 fact	punct
8	together	together	ADV	_	11 fact	advmod
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 fact	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 fact	det
11	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 distaste	conj
12	that	that	SCONJ	_	16 likely	mark
13	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 likely	nsubj
14	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 likely	aux
15	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 likely	cop
16	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 fact	acl
17	to	to	PART	_	18 fall	mark
18	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 likely	xcomp
19	asleep	asleep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 fall	xcomp
20	after	after	ADP	_	22 meal	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 meal	det
22	meal	meal	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 fall	obl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 inconvenience	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 inconvenience	cc
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 inconvenience	det
26	inconvenience	inconvenience	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 distaste	conj
27	of	of	ADP	_	29 stairs	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 stairs	det
29	stairs	stair	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 inconvenience	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	gerund	His distaste and the fact and the inconvenience of the stairs not said here		decks			vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme below deck=Location
2	is	would	he	the fact not said here			likely property	tree rules
3	fall	to-infinitive	he not said here			after the meal	asleep property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	inconvenience			the stairs				nom inconvenience «state transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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