Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 4: Wayfarers All…

Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the conclusion of the seafarer's last voyage?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: established facts, seafarer · What happens: follow, be, establish, concern, conclude, voyage · To what, where: conclusion, last voyage

This is exam question 4 of lesson 59 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 4: Wayfarers All (the voyage and lunch by the road)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 consistent	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 consistent	cop
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 facts	det
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 facts	amod
11	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 facts	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 conclusion	det
14	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerning	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	20 voyage	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 seafarer	det
17	seafarer	seafarer	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 voyage	nmod:poss
18	's	's	PART	_	17 seafarer	case
19	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 voyage	amod
20	voyage	voyage	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 conclusion	nmod
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 consistent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present			of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the conclusion of the seafarer's last voyage		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus conclusion=Experiencer
5	conclude			the seafarer's last voyage		nom conclusion «cognition transitive»: of=patient
6	voyage		the seafarer			nom voyage «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Having landed upon a quayside in the Channel, he proceeded inland upon the first hints of spring, after first visiting every harbour in Cornwall and Devon to sell the last of his wine casks at a fine profit

The tree, 38 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Having	have	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	36 casks	csubj
2	landed	land	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Having	xcomp
3	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 quayside	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 quayside	det
5	quayside	quayside	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 landed	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 Channel	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Channel	det
8	Channel	Channel	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 quayside	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 proceeded	punct
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 proceeded	nsubj
11	proceeded	proceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Having	parataxis
12	inland	inland	ADV	_	11 proceeded	advmod
13	upon	upon	ADP	_	16 hints	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 hints	det
15	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	16 hints	amod
16	hints	hint	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 proceeded	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 spring	case
18	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 hints	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 visiting	punct
20	after	after	SCONJ	_	22 visiting	mark
21	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	22 visiting	advmod
22	visiting	visit	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 proceeded	advcl
23	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	24 harbour	det
24	harbour	harbour	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 visiting	obj
25	in	in	ADP	_	26 Cornwall	case
26	Cornwall	Cornwall	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 visiting	obl
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 Devon	cc
28	Devon	Devon	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 Cornwall	conj
29	to	to	PART	_	30 sell	mark
30	sell	sell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 visiting	advcl
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 last	det
32	last	last	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 sell	obj
33	of	of	ADP	_	35 wine	case
34	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	35 wine	nmod:poss
35	wine	wine	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 last	nmod
36	casks	cask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
37	at	at	ADP	_	40 profit	case
38	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	40 profit	det
39	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 profit	amod
40	profit	profit	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 casks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	gerund					tree rules
2	land	participle				upon a quayside in the Channel	vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	proceed	past	he			upon the first hints of spring; inland property	vn begin-55.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent
4	visit	gerund	he not said here	every harbour	Cornwall and Devon	first property	vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harbour=Co-Agent
5	sell	to-infinitive	he not said here	the last of Devon's wine			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent last=Theme
6	cask	present	Having		a fine profit		tree rules
7	hint		spring				nom hint «communication intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2

Having landed upon a quayside in the Channel, he decided to stay by the sea forever, sailing out again each morning to fish the rich waters of the Bay of Biscay

The tree, 31 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 decided	advcl
2	landed	land	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Having	xcomp
3	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 quayside	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 quayside	det
5	quayside	quayside	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 landed	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 Channel	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Channel	det
8	Channel	Channel	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 quayside	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Having	punct
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 decided	nsubj
11	decided	decide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	to	to	PART	_	13 stay	mark
13	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 decided	xcomp
14	by	by	ADP	_	16 sea	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 sea	det
16	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 stay	obl
17	forever	forever	ADV	_	13 stay	advmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 sailing	punct
19	sailing	sail	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 decided	conj
20	out	out	ADP	_	19 sailing	compound:prt
21	again	again	ADV	_	19 sailing	advmod
22	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	23 morning	det
23	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 sailing	obl:unmarked
24	to	to	PART	_	25 fish	mark
25	fish	fish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 sailing	advcl
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 waters	det
27	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 waters	amod
28	waters	water	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 fish	obj
29	of	of	ADP	_	31 Bay	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 Bay	det
31	Bay	Bay	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 waters	nmod
32	of	of	ADP	_	33 Biscay	case
33	Biscay	Biscay	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 Bay	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	have	gerund	he not said here				tree rules
2	land	participle	he not said here			upon a quayside in the Channel	vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	decide	past	he				vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	stay not said to happen	to-infinitive	he not said here			by the sea; forever property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by sea=Location
5	sail out	gerund	he not said here		again; morning		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
6	fish	to-infinitive	he not said here	the rich waters of the Bay of Biscay			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme

Option 3

He landed on a quay in Devon and stayed there in the wine trade all winter

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 landed	nsubj
2	landed	land	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 quay	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 quay	det
5	quay	quay	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 landed	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 Devon	case
7	Devon	Devon	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 landed	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 stayed	cc
9	stayed	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 landed	conj
10	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	9 stayed	advmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	14 trade	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 trade	det
13	wine	wine	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 trade	compound
14	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 stayed	obl
15	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	16 winter	det
16	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 stayed	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	land	past	He			a quay		in Devon	vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on quay=Destination
2	stay	past	He not said here			the wine trade; there	winter		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in trade=Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Having landed upon a quayside in the Channel, he proceeded inland upon the first hints of spring

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 proceeded	advcl
2	landed	land	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Having	xcomp
3	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 quayside	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 quayside	det
5	quayside	quayside	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 landed	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 Channel	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Channel	det
8	Channel	Channel	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 quayside	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Having	punct
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 proceeded	nsubj
11	proceeded	proceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	inland	inland	ADV	_	11 proceeded	advmod
13	upon	upon	ADP	_	16 hints	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 hints	det
15	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	16 hints	amod
16	hints	hint	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 proceeded	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 spring	case
18	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 hints	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	have	gerund	he not said here		tree rules
2	land	participle	he not said here	upon a quayside in the Channel	vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	proceed	past	he	upon the first hints of spring; inland property	vn begin-55.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent
4	hint		spring		nom hint «communication intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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