Exam question 4 · Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, part 3: Mowgli joins the P…

Of what did the mark beneath Bagheera's chin testify concerning his origin?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: testify, concern · To what, where: origin

This is exam question 4 of lesson 602 «Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, part 3: Mowgli joins the Pack, grows up, and learns that Shere Khan is his enemy» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Of	of	ADP	_	2 what	case
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 testify	obl
3	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 testify	aux
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 mark	det
5	mark	mark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 did	obj
6	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	9 chin	case
7	Bagheera	Bagheera	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 chin	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 Bagheera	case
9	chin	chin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 did	obl
10	testify	testify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 testify	xcomp
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 origin	nmod:poss
13	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	10 testify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	testify speech: other	past · do-support							tree rules
2	concern	gerund		Bagheera's origin					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus origin=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

that he was born in the wild and captured by hunters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	that	that	SCONJ	_	4 born	mark
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 born	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 born	aux:pass
4	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 wild	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 wild	det
7	wild	wild	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 born	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 captured	cc
9	captured	capture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 born	conj
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 hunters	case
11	hunters	hunter	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 captured	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	past · passive		he		the wild			vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	capture	participle						by hunters	vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

that he was born among men and once confined by a collar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	that	that	SCONJ	_	4 born	mark
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 born	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 born	aux:pass
4	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	among	among	ADP	_	6 men	case
6	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 born	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 confined	cc
8	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	9 confined	advmod
9	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 born	conj
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 collar	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 collar	det
12	collar	collar	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 confined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	past · passive		he				among men	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	confine	participle						by a collar; once property	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

that he was born among men, was once confined by a collar, and later escaped from the palace

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	that	that	SCONJ	_	4 born	mark
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 born	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 born	aux:pass
4	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	among	among	ADP	_	6 men	case
6	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 born	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 confined	punct
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 confined	aux:pass
9	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	10 confined	advmod
10	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 born	conj
11	by	by	ADP	_	13 collar	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 collar	det
13	collar	collar	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 confined	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 escaped	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 escaped	cc
16	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	17 escaped	advmod
17	escaped	escape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 born	conj
18	from	from	ADP	_	20 palace	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 palace	det
20	palace	palace	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 escaped	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	bear	past · passive	he		among men	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	confine	past · passive			by a collar; once property	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»
3	escape	past		the palace	late property	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from palace=Initial_Location

Option 4

that he was born among men and once confined by a collar of iron in the king's palace cage at Oodeypore

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	that	that	SCONJ	_	4 born	mark
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 born	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 born	aux:pass
4	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	among	among	ADP	_	6 men	case
6	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 born	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 confined	cc
8	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	9 confined	advmod
9	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 born	conj
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 collar	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 collar	det
12	collar	collar	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 confined	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 iron	case
14	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 collar	nmod
15	in	in	ADP	_	20 cage	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 king	det
17	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 cage	nmod:poss
18	's	's	PART	_	17 king	case
19	palace	palace	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 cage	compound
20	cage	cage	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 confined	obl
21	at	at	ADP	_	22 Oodeypore	case
22	Oodeypore	Oodeypore	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 cage	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	past · passive		he				among men	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	confine	participle				the king's palace cage at Oodeypore		by a collar of iron; once property	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in cage=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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