Exam question 2 · The Jungle Book, Toomai of the Elephants, part 28: Toomai…

With reference to the passage, identify the feature of the clearing that distinguished it from the surrounding forest.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, clearing · What happens: identify, distinguish, feature · To what, where: feature, clearing

This is exam question 2 of lesson 627 «The Jungle Book, Toomai of the Elephants, part 28: Toomai rides Kala Nag to the secret elephant gathering» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	ADP	_	2 reference	case
2	reference	reference	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 identify	obl
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 passage	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 passage	det
5	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reference	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 reference	punct
7	identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 feature	det
9	feature	feature	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 identify	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 clearing	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 clearing	det
12	clearing	clearing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 feature	nmod
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 distinguished	nsubj
14	distinguished	distinguish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 clearing	acl:relcl
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 distinguished	obj
16	from	from	ADP	_	19 forest	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 forest	det
18	surrounding	surrounding	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 forest	compound
19	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 distinguished	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the feature of the clearing	with reference to the passage	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent feature=Theme
2	distinguish	past	the clearing	feature	from the surrounding forest	vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme from forest=Co-Theme
3	feature			the clearing		nom feature «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The ground had been stamped flat by the feet of countless elephants over many years, and it was covered in deep dust, heavy footprints, and broken branches thrown down everywhere

The tree, 30 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ground	det
2	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stamped	nsubj:pass
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 stamped	aux
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 stamped	aux:pass
5	stamped	stamp	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	flat	flat	ADV	_	5 stamped	advmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 feet	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 feet	det
9	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 stamped	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 elephants	case
11	countless	countless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 elephants	amod
12	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 feet	nmod
13	over	over	ADP	_	15 years	case
14	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 years	amod
15	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 stamped	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 covered	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 covered	cc
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 covered	nsubj:pass
19	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 covered	aux:pass
20	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 stamped	conj
21	in	in	ADP	_	23 dust	case
22	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 dust	amod
23	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 covered	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 footprints	punct
25	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 footprints	amod
26	footprints	footprint	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 dust	conj
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 branches	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 branches	cc
29	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	30 branches	amod
30	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 stamped	obl
31	thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	30 branches	acl
32	down	down	ADP	_	31 thrown	compound:prt
33	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	PronType=Tot	31 thrown	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	stamp	past · perfect · passive	the feet of countless elephants	the ground	year	broken branches obl; flat property	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Destination
2	cover	past · passive		ground		in deep dust and heavy footprints	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in dust=Theme
3	break	participle					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
4	throw down	participle		broken branches not said here		everywhere property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The ground had been trampled down as hard as a brick floor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ground	det
2	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 trampled	nsubj:pass
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 trampled	aux
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 trampled	aux:pass
5	trampled	trample	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	down	down	ADP	_	5 trampled	compound:prt
7	as	as	ADV	_	8 hard	advmod
8	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 trampled	advmod
9	as	as	ADP	_	12 floor	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 floor	det
11	brick	brick	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 floor	compound
12	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 trampled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trample down	past · perfect · passive		the ground				as a brick floor; hard property	tree rules

Option 3

The clearing was surrounded by high dead trees and a thick wall of bushes that made it impossible to see anything beyond the edge of the open ground

The tree, 28 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 clearing	det
2	clearing	clearing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 surrounded	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 surrounded	aux:pass
4	surrounded	surround	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 trees	case
6	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 trees	amod
7	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 trees	amod
8	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 surrounded	obl:agent
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 wall	cc
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 wall	det
11	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 wall	amod
12	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 trees	conj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 bushes	case
14	bushes	bush	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 wall	nmod
15	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 made	nsubj
16	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 wall	acl:relcl
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 made	obj
18	impossible	impossible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 made	xcomp
19	to	to	PART	_	20 see	mark
20	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 impossible	xcomp
21	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	20 see	obj
22	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	24 edge	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 edge	det
24	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 anything	nmod
25	of	of	ADP	_	28 ground	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 ground	det
27	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 ground	amod
28	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 edge	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	surround	past · passive	high dead trees and a thick wall of bushes	the clearing		vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme
2	make	past	a thick wall of bushes	clearing	impossible property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product
3	see	to-infinitive	clearing not said here	anything	beyond the edge of the open ground	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer anything=Stimulus

Option 4

The surface was covered with thick green moss and fallen logs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 surface	det
2	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 covered	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 covered	aux:pass
4	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 moss	case
6	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 moss	amod
7	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 moss	amod
8	moss	moss	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 covered	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 fallen	cc
10	fallen	fall	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 covered	conj
11	logs	log	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 fallen	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	past · passive		the surface				with thick green moss	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with moss=Theme
2	fall	participle		logs					vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient log=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/627-pg236-part28/e2/