Exam question 3 · The Jungle Book, Toomai of the Elephants, part 28: Toomai…

With reference to the passage, describe the condition in which Kala Nag travelled through the valley.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, Kala · What happens: describe, travel · To what, where: condition

This is exam question 3 of lesson 627 «The Jungle Book, Toomai of the Elephants, part 28: Toomai rides Kala Nag to the secret elephant gathering» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	ADP	_	2 reference	case
2	reference	reference	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 describe	obl
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 passage	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 passage	det
5	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reference	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 reference	punct
7	describe	describe	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 condition	det
9	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 describe	obj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 which	case
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 travelled	obl
12	Kala	Kala	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 travelled	nsubj
13	Nag	Nag	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Kala	flat
14	travelled	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 condition	acl:relcl
15	through	through	ADP	_	17 valley	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 valley	det
17	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 travelled	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 describe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	describe	imperative	you not said here	the condition				with reference to the passage	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent condition=Theme
2	travel	past	Kala			the condition		through the valley	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in which=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He walked carefully over the wet stones of the river

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 walked	nsubj
2	walked	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	carefully	carefully	ADV	_	2 walked	advmod
4	over	over	ADP	_	7 stones	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 stones	det
6	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 stones	amod
7	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 walked	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 river	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 river	det
10	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 stones	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk	past	He			the wet stones of the river		carefully property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over stone=Trajectory

Option 2

He moved steadily through the tall grass and thorns

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 moved	nsubj
2	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	steadily	steadily	ADV	_	2 moved	advmod
4	through	through	ADP	_	7 grass	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 grass	det
6	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 grass	amod
7	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 moved	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 thorns	cc
9	thorns	thorn	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 grass	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	past	He			the tall grass and thorns		steadily property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme through grass=Trajectory

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

He slid down the steep sides of the hill very slowly on his back legs, bracing himself against the trees and then crossing the valley floor at a walk

The tree, 29 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 slid	nsubj
2	slid	slide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	down	down	ADP	_	2 slid	compound:prt
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sides	det
5	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sides	amod
6	sides	side	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 slid	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 hill	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 hill	det
9	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sides	nmod
10	very	very	ADV	_	11 slowly	advmod
11	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	2 slid	advmod
12	on	on	ADP	_	15 legs	case
13	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 legs	nmod:poss
14	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 legs	compound
15	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 slid	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 bracing	punct
17	bracing	brace	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 slid	advcl
18	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	17 bracing	obj
19	against	against	ADP	_	21 trees	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 trees	det
21	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 bracing	obl
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 crossing	cc
23	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	24 crossing	advmod
24	crossing	cross	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 bracing	conj
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 floor	det
26	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 floor	compound
27	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 crossing	obj
28	at	at	ADP	_	30 walk	case
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 walk	det
30	walk	walk	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 crossing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slide down	past	He	the steep sides of the hill	his back legs		slowly property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent side=Theme on leg=Trajectory
2	brace	gerund	He not said here	himself = he			against the trees	tree rules
3	cross	gerund	He not said here	the valley floor	a walk	then		vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent floor=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

He ran in one rush, as a runaway gun descends a steep bank

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ran	nsubj
2	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 rush	case
4	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 rush	nummod
5	rush	rush	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ran	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 descends	punct
7	as	as	SCONJ	_	11 descends	mark
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 gun	det
9	runaway	runaway	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 gun	compound
10	gun	gun	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 descends	nsubj
11	descends	descend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 ran	conj
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 bank	det
13	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 bank	amod
14	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 descends	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	past	He			one rush			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in rush=Trajectory
2	descend	present	a runaway gun	a steep bank					vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bank=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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