Exam question 1 · Book of Dragons, The Last of the Dragons, part 9: Harry an…

Which of the following accurately describes the manner in which the children were conveyed from the churchyard by the dragon?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dragon · What happens: follow, describe, convey · To what, where: manner, children

This is exam question 1 of lesson 641 «Book of Dragons, The Last of the Dragons, part 9: Harry and Effie seek St. George, fail to wake him, and are seized by a dragon» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	6 describes	advmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 following	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 manner	det
8	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describes	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 conveyed	obl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 children	det
12	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 conveyed	nsubj:pass
13	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 conveyed	aux:pass
14	conveyed	convey	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 manner	acl:relcl
15	from	from	ADP	_	17 churchyard	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 churchyard	det
17	churchyard	churchyard	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 conveyed	obl
18	by	by	ADP	_	20 dragon	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 dragon	det
20	dragon	dragon	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 conveyed	obl
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 following	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the manner		accurately property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent manner=Theme
3	convey	past · passive	the dragon	the children	the manner	from the churchyard	vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from churchyard=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The dragon swooped down from the clouds and took both children in its claws, one by the sash and one by the jacket, far away over the hills

The tree, 28 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 dragon	det
2	dragon	dragon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 swooped	nsubj
3	swooped	swoop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	down	down	ADV	_	3 swooped	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 clouds	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 clouds	det
7	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 swooped	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 took	cc
9	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 swooped	conj
10	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	11 children	det
11	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 took	obj
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 claws	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 claws	nmod:poss
14	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 took	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 one	punct
16	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 took	conj
17	by	by	ADP	_	19 sash	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 sash	det
19	sash	sash	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 one	nmod
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 one	cc
21	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 one	conj
22	by	by	ADP	_	24 jacket	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 jacket	det
24	jacket	jacket	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 took	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 away	punct
26	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	27 away	advmod
27	away	away	ADV	_	9 took	advmod
28	over	over	ADP	_	30 hills	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 hills	det
30	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 away	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swoop down	past	the dragon			the clouds		down property	tree rules
2	take	past	the dragon not said here	both children		dragon's claws		by the jacket; away property	vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent child=Value in claw=Location

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

They were seized in its claws, Effie by her sash and Harry by his jacket

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 seized	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 seized	aux:pass
3	seized	seize	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 claws	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 claws	nmod:poss
6	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 seized	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 Effie	punct
8	Effie	Effie	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 claws	appos
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 sash	case
10	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 sash	nmod:poss
11	sash	sash	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 Effie	nmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 Harry	cc
13	Harry	Harry	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Effie	conj
14	by	by	ADP	_	16 jacket	case
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 jacket	nmod:poss
16	jacket	jacket	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 seized	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	seize	past · passive		They		its claws		by Harry's jacket	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

In a sudden rush of wings it snatched the pair, dangling Effie from her sash and Harry from the back of his coat, and flew off with them into the distance over the rooftops and the fields

The tree, 37 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 rush	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 rush	det
3	sudden	sudden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 rush	amod
4	rush	rush	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 snatched	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 wings	case
6	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 rush	nmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 snatched	nsubj
8	snatched	snatch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 pair	det
10	pair	pair	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 snatched	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 dangling	punct
12	dangling	dangle	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 snatched	advcl
13	Effie	Effie	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 dangling	obj
14	from	from	ADP	_	16 sash	case
15	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 sash	nmod:poss
16	sash	sash	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 dangling	obl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 Harry	cc
18	Harry	Harry	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 sash	conj
19	from	from	ADP	_	21 back	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 back	det
21	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 dangling	obl
22	of	of	ADP	_	24 coat	case
23	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 coat	nmod:poss
24	coat	coat	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 back	nmod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 flew	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 flew	cc
27	flew	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 snatched	conj
28	off	off	ADP	_	27 flew	compound:prt
29	with	with	ADP	_	30 them	case
30	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 flew	obl
31	into	into	ADP	_	33 distance	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 distance	det
33	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 flew	obl
34	over	over	ADP	_	36 rooftops	case
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 rooftops	det
36	rooftops	rooftop	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 flew	obl
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 fields	cc
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 fields	det
39	fields	field	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 rooftops	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	snatch	past	rush	the pair	a sudden rush of wings		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pair=Theme
2	dangle	gerund	rush not said here	Effie	Effie's sash and Harry	from the back of Harry's coat	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location effie=Theme
3	fly off	past	rush not said here		the rooftops and the fields	with sash; into the distance	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over rooftop=Location
4	rush			wings			nom rush «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

Effie was caught by her green sash and Harry by his coat tail

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Effie	Effie	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 caught	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 caught	aux:pass
3	caught	catch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 sash	case
5	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 sash	nmod:poss
6	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sash	amod
7	sash	sash	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 caught	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Harry	cc
9	Harry	Harry	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 sash	conj
10	by	by	ADP	_	13 tail	case
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 tail	nmod:poss
12	coat	coat	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 tail	compound
13	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 caught	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch	past · passive	Harry's coat tail	Effie				by Effie's green sash and Harry	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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