Exam question 2 · Book of Dragons, The Last of the Dragons, part 9: Harry an…

Which of the following most correctly states the reason the children gave for leaving the house during the afternoon?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: children · What happens: follow, state, give, leave · To what, where: reason, house · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 2 of lesson 641 «Book of Dragons, The Last of the Dragons, part 9: Harry and Effie seek St. George, fail to wake him, and are seized by a dragon» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 states	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 states	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 states	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 states	csubj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 correctly	advmod
6	correctly	correctly	ADV	_	7 states	advmod
7	states	state	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 reason	det
9	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 states	obj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 children	det
11	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 gave	nsubj
12	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 reason	acl:relcl
13	for	for	SCONJ	_	14 leaving	mark
14	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 gave	advcl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 house	det
16	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 leaving	obj
17	during	during	ADP	_	19 afternoon	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 afternoon	det
19	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 leaving	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 states	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	state speech: other	present		the reason		correctly property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
3	give	past	the children	the reason not said here			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
4	leave	gerund	the children not said here	the house	afternoon		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They were weary of confinement indoors and desired to play upon the grass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 weary	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 weary	cop
3	weary	weary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 confinement	case
5	confinement	confinement	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 weary	obl
6	indoors	indoors	ADV	_	3 weary	advmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 desired	cc
8	desired	desire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 weary	conj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 play	mark
10	play	play	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 desired	xcomp
11	upon	upon	ADP	_	13 grass	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 grass	det
13	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 play	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	past	They	of confinement; indoors, weary property	tree rules
2	desire	participle	They not said here		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	play not said to happen	to-infinitive	They not said here	upon the grass	vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Being shut indoors for the whole of the long afternoon had made them restless, and they were eager to run about outside in the sunshine

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 shut	cop
2	shut	shut	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	indoors	indoors	ADV	_	2 shut	advmod
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 whole	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 whole	det
6	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 shut	conj
7	of	of	SCONJ	_	12 made	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 afternoon	det
9	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 afternoon	amod
10	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 made	nsubj:pass
11	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 made	aux
12	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 whole	advcl
13	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 made	obj
14	restless	restless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 made	xcomp
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 eager	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 eager	cc
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 eager	nsubj
18	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 eager	cop
19	eager	eager	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 shut	conj
20	to	to	PART	_	21 run	mark
21	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 eager	xcomp
22	about	about	ADV	_	23 outside	advmod
23	outside	outside	ADV	_	21 run	advmod
24	in	in	ADP	_	26 sunshine	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 sunshine	det
26	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 run	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	gerund				indoors, shut property	tree rules
2	be						tree rules
3	make	past · perfect · passive		the long afternoon		restless property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary they=Product
4	is	past	they			eager property	tree rules
5	run about	to-infinitive	they not said here		the sunshine	outside property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sunshine=Trajectory

Option 3

They had been confined in the nursery all day by a cruel governess who refused them any outdoor exercise whatsoever

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 confined	nsubj:pass
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 confined	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 confined	aux:pass
4	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 nursery	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 nursery	det
7	nursery	nursery	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 confined	obl
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 day	det
9	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 confined	obl:unmarked
10	by	by	ADP	_	13 governess	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 governess	det
12	cruel	cruel	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 governess	amod
13	governess	governess	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 confined	obl
14	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 refused	nsubj
15	refused	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 governess	acl:relcl
16	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 refused	obj
17	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	19 exercise	det
18	outdoor	outdoor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 exercise	amod
19	exercise	exercise	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 confined	obl
20	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	4 confined	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	past · perfect · passive	a cruel governess	They		the nursery	day	any outdoor exercise obl; whatsoever property	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in nursery=Destination
2	refuse	past	a cruel governess	them = they					vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 4

They wanted to visit the old churchyard and look at the graves there

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 wanted	nsubj
2	wanted	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 visit	mark
4	visit	visit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 wanted	xcomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 churchyard	det
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 churchyard	amod
7	churchyard	churchyard	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 visit	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 look	cc
9	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 visit	conj
10	at	at	ADP	_	12 graves	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 graves	det
12	graves	grave	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 look	obl
13	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	9 look	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	want	past	They				vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	visit not said to happen	to-infinitive	They not said here	the old churchyard			vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent churchyard=Co-Agent
3	look	infinitive	They not said here		there	at the graves	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at grave=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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