Test 4 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 3: «Like Summer…

Why does the Rat pull Mole's elbow when Mole calls Toad clever?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Rat, Mole · What happens: pull, call · To what, where: elbow, Toad · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 67 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 3: «Like Summer Tempests Came His Tears» (loyal friends, cold pie and «Be quiet at once!»)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 pull	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 pull	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Rat	det
4	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 pull	nsubj
5	pull	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	Mole	Mole	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 elbow	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Mole	case
8	elbow	elbow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pull	obj
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	11 calls	advmod
10	Mole	Mole	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 calls	nsubj
11	calls	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 pull	advcl
12	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 calls	obj
13	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 calls	xcomp
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 pull	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present · do-support	the Rat	Mole's elbow					vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elbow=Theme
2	call	present	Mole		Toad			clever property	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent toad=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Praise makes Toad puff up and boast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Praise	praise	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
4	puff	puff	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 makes	xcomp
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 puff	compound:prt
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 boast	cc
7	boast	boast	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 puff	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	make	present	Praise	Toad	tree rules
2	puff up	infinitive	Toad not said here		vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
3	boast speech: other	infinitive	Toad not said here		vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Praise makes Toad puff up and boast, and Mole wanted to stop him before the sentries heard

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Praise	praise	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
4	puff	puff	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 makes	xcomp
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 puff	compound:prt
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 boast	cc
7	boast	boast	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 puff	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 wanted	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 wanted	cc
10	Mole	Mole	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 wanted	nsubj
11	wanted	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 makes	parataxis
12	to	to	PART	_	13 stop	mark
13	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 wanted	xcomp
14	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 stop	obj
15	before	before	ADP	_	17 sentries	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 sentries	det
17	sentries	sentry	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 stop	obl
18	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 wanted	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	make	present	Praise	Toad		tree rules
2	puff up	infinitive	Toad not said here			vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
3	boast speech: other	infinitive	Toad not said here			vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	want	past	Mole			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
5	stop not said to happen	to-infinitive	Mole not said here	Mole	before the sentries	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality he=Eventuality
6	hear not said to happen	participle	Mole not said here			vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Mole wants to tease Toad about it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mole	Mole	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 wants	nsubj
2	wants	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 tease	mark
4	tease	tease	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 wants	xcomp
5	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 tease	obj
6	about	about	ADP	_	7 it	case
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 tease	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	present	Mole						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	tease not said to happen	to-infinitive	Mole not said here	Toad				about it	vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toad=Patient

Option 4

Praise makes Toad puff up and boast, and that leads to more trouble for everyone

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Praise	praise	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
4	puff	puff	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 makes	xcomp
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 puff	compound:prt
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 boast	cc
7	boast	boast	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 puff	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 leads	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 leads	cc
10	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	11 leads	nsubj
11	leads	lead	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 makes	conj
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 trouble	case
13	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 trouble	amod
14	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 leads	obl
15	for	for	ADP	_	16 everyone	case
16	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	14 trouble	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	present	Praise	Toad		tree rules
2	puff up	infinitive	Toad not said here			vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
3	boast speech: other	infinitive	Toad not said here			vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	lead	present	that		to more trouble for everyone	vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to trouble=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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