Exam question 4 · Folk Tales, The Lazy Youth and the King's Herdsman, part 4…

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the youth's character at the end of the part?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, be

This is exam question 4 of lesson 703 «Folk Tales, The Lazy Youth and the King's Herdsman, part 43: the youth hides the pigs and sheep and tricks the herdsman» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 description	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	9 description	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 description	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 description	case
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 description	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 description	det
7	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	8 accurate	advmod
8	accurate	accurate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 description	amod
9	description	description	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	of	of	ADP	_	14 character	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 youth	det
12	youth	youth	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 character	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 youth	case
14	character	character	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 description	nmod
15	at	at	ADP	_	17 end	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 end	det
17	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 character	nmod
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 part	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 part	det
20	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 end	nmod
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 description	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present						of the accurate description; of the youth's character at the end of the part	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Cunning and idle, using deceit to avoid honest labour, though he is also quite sorry for his lies in the end

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cunning	cunning	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 idle	cc
3	idle	idle	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Cunning	conj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 using	punct
5	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 idle	advcl
6	deceit	deceit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 using	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 avoid	mark
8	avoid	avoid	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 using	advcl
9	honest	honest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 labour	amod
10	labour	labour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 avoid	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 sorry	punct
12	though	though	SCONJ	_	17 sorry	mark
13	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 sorry	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 sorry	cop
15	also	also	ADV	_	17 sorry	advmod
16	quite	quite	ADV	_	17 sorry	advmod
17	sorry	sorry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Cunning	appos
18	for	for	ADP	_	20 lies	case
19	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 lies	nmod:poss
20	lies	lie	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 sorry	obl
21	in	in	ADP	_	23 end	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 end	det
23	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 lies	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	use	gerund		deceit			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deceit=Patient
2	avoid	to-infinitive		honest labour			vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent labour=Location
3	is	present	he			for his lies in the end; sorry property	tree rules
4	lie		his = he		in the end		nom lie «communication intransitive»: poss=agent in=place

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Cunning and idle, using deceit to avoid honest labour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cunning	cunning	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 idle	cc
3	idle	idle	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Cunning	conj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 using	punct
5	using	use	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Cunning	conj
6	deceit	deceit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 using	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 avoid	mark
8	avoid	avoid	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 using	advcl
9	honest	honest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 labour	amod
10	labour	labour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 avoid	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	gerund		deceit					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deceit=Patient
2	avoid	to-infinitive		honest labour					vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent labour=Location

Option 3

Cunning and idle, using deceit to avoid honest labour and to shame his father

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cunning	cunning	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 idle	cc
3	idle	idle	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Cunning	conj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 using	punct
5	using	use	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Cunning	conj
6	deceit	deceit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 using	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 avoid	mark
8	avoid	avoid	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 using	advcl
9	honest	honest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 labour	amod
10	labour	labour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 avoid	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 shame	cc
12	to	to	PART	_	13 shame	mark
13	shame	shame	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 avoid	conj
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 father	nmod:poss
15	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 shame	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	use	gerund	deceit	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deceit=Patient
2	avoid	to-infinitive	honest labour	vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent labour=Location
3	shame	to-infinitive	his father	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus father=Experiencer

Option 4

Gentle and hardworking, always willing to help the herdsman

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gentle	Gentle	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 willing	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 hardworking	cc
3	hardworking	hardworking	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Gentle	conj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 willing	punct
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 willing	advmod
6	willing	willing	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 help	mark
8	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 willing	xcomp
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 herdsman	det
10	herdsman	herdsman	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 help	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	to-infinitive		the herdsman					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herdsman=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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