Exam question 2 · Danish Fairy and Folk Tales, Shepherd Paul, part 51: Niels…

With reference to the text, what was the nature of the second tale's central hero during his youth?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: text · What happens: be · To what, where: nature

This is exam question 2 of lesson 711 «Danish Fairy and Folk Tales, Shepherd Paul, part 51: Niels is caught and wed, then Paul gathers three strong friends and finds a dragon's captive» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	ADP	_	2 reference	case
2	reference	reference	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 text	obl
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 text	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 text	det
5	text	text	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 nature	punct
7	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	10 nature	nsubj
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 nature	cop
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 nature	det
10	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 text	appos
11	of	of	ADP	_	17 hero	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 tale	det
13	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	14 tale	amod
14	tale	tale	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 hero	nmod:poss
15	's	's	PART	_	14 tale	case
16	central	central	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 hero	amod
17	hero	hero	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 nature	nmod
18	during	during	ADP	_	20 youth	case
19	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 youth	nmod:poss
20	youth	youth	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 hero	nmod
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 text	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the text	the nature				of the second tale's central hero during his youth	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He was found as a foundling by a shepherd and grew up to tear oaks up by the roots, though he was also a clever thinker and a loyal friend

The tree, 30 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 found	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 found	aux:pass
3	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	as	as	ADP	_	6 foundling	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 foundling	det
6	foundling	foundling	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 found	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 shepherd	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 shepherd	det
9	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 found	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 grew	cc
11	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 found	conj
12	up	up	ADP	_	11 grew	compound:prt
13	to	to	PART	_	14 tear	mark
14	tear	tear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 grew	advcl
15	oaks	oak	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 tear	obj
16	up	up	ADP	_	14 tear	compound:prt
17	by	by	ADP	_	19 roots	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 roots	det
19	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 tear	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 thinker	punct
21	though	though	SCONJ	_	27 thinker	mark
22	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 thinker	nsubj
23	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 thinker	cop
24	also	also	ADV	_	27 thinker	advmod
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 thinker	det
26	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 thinker	amod
27	thinker	thinker	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 found	parataxis
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 friend	cc
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 friend	det
30	loyal	loyal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 friend	amod
31	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 thinker	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	find	past · passive	a shepherd	He	as a foundling	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent subject=Theme as foundling=Attribute
2	grow up	past	a shepherd not said here			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	tear up	to-infinitive	a shepherd not said here	oaks	by the roots	vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location oak=Theme
4	is a	past	shepherd	a clever thinker and a loyal friend		tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He was a foundling raised by a shepherd, who attained great physical strength

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 foundling	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 foundling	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 foundling	det
4	foundling	foundling	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	raised	raise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 foundling	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 shepherd	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 shepherd	det
8	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 raised	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 attained	punct
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 attained	nsubj
11	attained	attain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 foundling	conj
12	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 strength	amod
13	physical	physical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 strength	amod
14	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 attained	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	past	He	a foundling		tree rules
2	raise	participle		a foundling not said here	by a shepherd	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by shepherd=Destination
3	attain	past	a foundling	great physical strength		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Theme

Option 3

He was a child of nobles who learned to fight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 child	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 child	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 child	det
4	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 nobles	case
6	nobles	noble	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 child	nmod
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 learned	nsubj
8	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 child	acl:relcl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 fight	mark
10	fight	fight	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 learned	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	past	He	a child	of nobles	tree rules
2	learn	past	a child			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	fight	to-infinitive	a child not said here			vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

He was an abandoned baby raised by a shepherd who grew into a man of enormous strength and courage in the forest

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 baby	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 baby	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 baby	det
4	abandoned	abandon	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 baby	amod
5	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	raised	raise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 baby	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 shepherd	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 shepherd	det
9	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 raised	obl
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 grew	nsubj
11	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 baby	acl:relcl
12	into	into	ADP	_	14 man	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 man	det
14	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 grew	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 strength	case
16	enormous	enormous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 strength	amod
17	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 man	nmod
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 courage	cc
19	courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 strength	conj
20	in	in	ADP	_	22 forest	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 forest	det
22	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 grew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	abandon	participle					vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Theme
2	is a	past	He	a abandoned baby			tree rules
3	raise	participle		a abandoned baby not said here		by a shepherd	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by shepherd=Destination
4	grow	past	a abandoned baby		the forest	into a man of enormous strength and courage	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/711-pg2435-part51/e2/