Exam question 1 · Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2:…

Identify the means by which the Hedgehog and the Tortoise acquired each other's abilities, according to the narrative.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, the, Hedgehog · What happens: identify, mean, acquire, accord · To what, where: abilities · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 83 «Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2: swimming lessons, curling lessons, and a new name» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	ccomp
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 acquired	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Hedgehog	det
7	Hedgehog	Hedgehog	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 acquired	nsubj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 Tortoise	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Tortoise	det
10	Tortoise	Tortoise	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Hedgehog	conj
11	acquired	acquire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 means	ccomp
12	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	13 other	det
13	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 abilities	nmod:poss
14	's	's	PART	_	13 other	case
15	abilities	ability	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 acquired	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 narrative	punct
17	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	20 narrative	case
18	to	to	ADP	_	17 according	fixed
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 narrative	det
20	narrative	narrative	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 abilities	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	mean	present	the		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	acquire	past	the Hedgehog and the Tortoise	each other's abilities and the narrative	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ability=Theme
4	accord	gerund			vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

By mutual practice through the night, each assisting the other

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 practice	case
2	mutual	mutual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 practice	amod
3	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 assisting	obl
4	through	through	ADP	_	6 night	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 night	det
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 practice	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 practice	punct
8	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 assisting	nsubj
9	assisting	assist	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 other	det
11	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 assisting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	assist	gerund	each	the other				by mutual practice through the night	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Beneficiary

Option 2

By being transformed by the Parsee's cake-crumbs and the palm-tree's bark during a long and magical storm

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	3 transformed	mark
2	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 transformed	aux:pass
3	transformed	transform	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	10 crumbs	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Parsee	det
6	Parsee	Parsee	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 crumbs	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Parsee	case
8	cake	cake	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 crumbs	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 cake	punct
10	crumbs	crumb	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 transformed	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 bark	cc
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 tree	det
13	palm	palm	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 tree	compound
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 palm	punct
15	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 bark	nmod:poss
16	's	's	PART	_	15 tree	case
17	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 crumbs	conj
18	during	during	ADP	_	23 storm	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 storm	det
20	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 storm	amod
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 magical	cc
22	magical	magical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 long	conj
23	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 transformed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transform	gerund · passive					during a long storm	by the Parsee's cake crumbs and the palm tree's bark	vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V»

Option 3

By being born in the river at dawn, under a full moon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	3 born	mark
2	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 born	aux:pass
3	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 river	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 river	det
6	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 born	obl
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 dawn	case
8	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 born	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 born	punct
10	under	under	ADP	_	13 moon	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 moon	det
12	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 moon	amod
13	moon	moon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 born	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	gerund · passive				the river	dawn	under a full moon	vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»

Option 4

By a long process of trial, error and patient practice through the whole night, with each friend coaching the other step by step

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	4 process	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 process	det
3	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 process	amod
4	process	process	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 trial	case
6	trial	trial	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 process	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 error	punct
8	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 process	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 practice	cc
10	patient	patient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 practice	amod
11	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 process	conj
12	through	through	ADP	_	15 night	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 night	det
14	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 night	amod
15	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 practice	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 friend	punct
17	with	with	ADP	_	19 friend	case
18	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	19 friend	det
19	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 process	conj
20	coaching	coach	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 friend	acl
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 step	det
22	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 step	amod
23	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 coaching	obj
24	by	by	ADP	_	25 step	case
25	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 coaching	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	coach	gerund	each friend not said here	the other step				by step	vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Beneficiary
2	process			trial					nom process «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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