Test 5 · ★ · Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2:…

Real life: what are real armadillos?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Real life · What happens: be · To what, where: real armadillos

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 83 «Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2: swimming lessons, curling lessons, and a new name» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 life	amod
2	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 armadillos	punct
4	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	7 armadillos	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 armadillos	cop
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 armadillos	amod
7	armadillos	armadillo	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 life	conj
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 life	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Real life and real armadillos	real armadillos					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Reptiles with hard shells on their backs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reptiles	reptile	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	with	with	ADP	_	4 shells	case
3	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 shells	amod
4	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Reptiles	nmod
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 backs	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 backs	nmod:poss
7	backs	back	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 shells	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Mammals from South America that have bony plates over their backs, heads and tails, covered in skin

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 America	case
3	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 America	compound
4	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Mammals	nmod
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 have	nsubj
6	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Mammals	parataxis
7	bony	bony	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 plates	amod
8	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 have	obj
9	over	over	ADP	_	11 backs	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 backs	nmod:poss
11	backs	back	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 have	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 heads	punct
13	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Mammals	conj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 tails	cc
15	tails	tail	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Mammals	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 covered	punct
17	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Mammals	acl
18	in	in	ADP	_	19 skin	case
19	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 covered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	that	bony plates		plates's backs			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plate=Patient
2	cover	participle		Mammals from South America and heads and tails not said here				in skin	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in skin=Theme

Option 3

Animals living in trees that roll up in a ball and eat grubs and insects

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	living	live	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Animals	acl
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 trees	case
4	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 living	obl
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 roll	nsubj
6	roll	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 trees	acl:relcl
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 roll	compound:prt
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 ball	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 ball	det
10	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 roll	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 eat	cc
12	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 roll	conj
13	grubs	grub	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 eat	obj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 insects	cc
15	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 grubs	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	live	gerund	Animals not said here		trees	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tree=Location
2	roll up	present	trees		a ball	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ball=Trajectory
3	eat	present	trees not said here	grubs and insects		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grub=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Mammals with bony plates covered in tough skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 covered	nsubj:pass
2	with	with	ADP	_	4 plates	case
3	bony	bony	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 plates	amod
4	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Mammals	nmod
5	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 skin	case
7	tough	tough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 skin	amod
8	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 covered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	participle · passive		Mammals with bony plates				in tough skin	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in skin=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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