Exam question 3 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Girl Who Trod on the Loaf, par…

Describe the sequence by which the bird's grey plumage came to be white, and state the event that brought about this alteration.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, grey plumage, event · What happens: describe, come, be, bring · To what, where: sequence

This is exam question 3 of lesson 833 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Girl Who Trod on the Loaf, part 44: Inge is freed as a little bird, does good deeds all winter, and turns white» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Describe	describe	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 sequence	det
3	sequence	sequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Describe	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 came	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bird	det
7	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 plumage	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 bird	case
9	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 plumage	amod
10	plumage	plumage	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 came	nsubj
11	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sequence	acl:relcl
12	to	to	PART	_	14 white	mark
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 white	cop
14	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 came	xcomp
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 state	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 state	cc
17	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Describe	obl
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 event	det
19	event	event	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 state	nmod
20	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 brought	nsubj
21	brought	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 event	acl:relcl
22	about	about	ADP	_	24 alteration	case
23	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	24 alteration	det
24	alteration	alteration	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 brought	obl
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Describe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	describe	imperative	you not said here	the sequence	state the event obl	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent sequence=Theme
2	come	past	the bird's grey plumage		by the sequence	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by which=Location
3	is	to-infinitive	the bird's grey plumage not said here		white property	tree rules
4	bring	past	the event		about this alteration	vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The grey wings turned white once the last bread-crumb had been found and given away

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 wings	det
2	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 wings	amod
3	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 turned	nsubj
4	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 turned	xcomp
6	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	14 found	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 crumb	det
8	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 crumb	amod
9	bread	bread	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 crumb	compound
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 bread	punct
11	crumb	crumb	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 found	nsubj:pass
12	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 found	aux
13	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	14 found	aux:pass
14	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 turned	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 given	cc
16	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 found	conj
17	away	away	ADV	_	16 given	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	turn	past	the grey wings		white property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	find	past · perfect · passive		the last bread crumb	once property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
3	give away	participle			away property	vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Their colour changed once the final crust was shared with the sparrows

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 colour	nmod:poss
2	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changed	nsubj
3	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	once	once	SCONJ	_	9 shared	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 crust	det
6	final	final	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 crust	amod
7	crust	crust	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shared	nsubj:pass
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 shared	aux:pass
9	shared	share	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 changed	advcl
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 sparrows	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 sparrows	det
12	sparrows	sparrow	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 shared	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	past	Their colour						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	share	past · passive		the final crust				with the sparrows	tree rules

Option 3

The grey wings turned white once the last bread-crumb had been found and given away to all the hungry sparrows in the snowy village

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 wings	det
2	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 wings	amod
3	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 turned	nsubj
4	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 turned	xcomp
6	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	14 found	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 crumb	det
8	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 crumb	amod
9	bread	bread	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 crumb	compound
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 bread	punct
11	crumb	crumb	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 found	nsubj:pass
12	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 found	aux
13	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	14 found	aux:pass
14	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 turned	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 given	cc
16	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 found	conj
17	away	away	ADV	_	16 given	advmod
18	to	to	ADP	_	22 sparrows	case
19	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	22 sparrows	det:predet
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 sparrows	det
21	hungry	hungry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 sparrows	amod
22	sparrows	sparrow	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 away	obl
23	in	in	ADP	_	26 village	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 village	det
25	snowy	snowy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 village	amod
26	village	village	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 given	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	turn	past	the grey wings			white property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	find	past · perfect · passive		the last bread crumb		once property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
3	give away	participle			the snowy village	away property	vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Option 4

The grey wings slowly turned white in the cold moonlight after the bird had given away every crumb it had gathered in the ruined wall

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 wings	det
2	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 wings	amod
3	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 turned	nsubj
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	5 turned	advmod
5	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 turned	xcomp
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 moonlight	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 moonlight	det
9	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 moonlight	amod
10	moonlight	moonlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turned	obl
11	after	after	SCONJ	_	15 given	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 bird	det
13	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 given	nsubj:pass
14	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 given	aux
15	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 turned	advcl
16	away	away	ADV	_	15 given	advmod
17	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	18 crumb	det
18	crumb	crumb	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 given	obj
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 gathered	nsubj:pass
20	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 gathered	aux
21	gathered	gather	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 crumb	acl:relcl
22	in	in	ADP	_	25 wall	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 wall	det
24	ruined	ruin	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 wall	amod
25	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 gathered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	turn	past	the grey wings		the cold moonlight	slowly, white property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in moonlight=Trajectory
2	give away	past · perfect · passive		the bird		away property	tree rules
3	gather	past · perfect · passive	every crumb not said here	bird	the ruined wall		vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
4	ruin	participle					vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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