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Test 1 · ★ · Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 1:…

Zara: «Taffy could write, she just didn't feel like it, delulu teacher said otherwise.» (delulu = believing something silly) Put it right.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Zara, Taffy, delulu teacher, you · What happens: write, not feel, say, believe, put · To what, where: something, it · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 84 «Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 1: a broken spear and a picture on birch-bark» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Zara: «Taffy could write, she just didn't feel like it, delulu teacher said otherwise.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zara	Zara	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 write	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 write	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 write	punct
4	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 write	nsubj
5	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 write	aux
6	write	write	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 feel	punct
8	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 feel	nsubj
9	just	just	ADV	_	12 feel	advmod
10	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 feel	aux
11	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 feel	advmod
12	feel	feel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 write	advcl
13	like	like	ADP	_	14 it	case
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 feel	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 said	punct
16	delulu	delulu	X	Foreign=Yes	17 teacher	compound
17	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 said	nsubj
18	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 feel	conj
19	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	_	18 said	advmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 write	punct
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 write	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write in a quote	could	Zara						vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not feel in a quote	past · do-support	Taffy					like it	vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like it=Theme
3	say speech: assert in a quote	past	delulu teacher					otherwise property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: (delulu = believing something silly) Put it right.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 delulu	punct
2	delulu	delulu	X	Foreign=Yes	8 Put	dep
3	=	=	SYM	_	4 believing	punct
4	believing	believe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 Put	advcl
5	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 believing	obj
6	silly	silly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 something	amod
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	5 something	punct
8	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 Put	obj
10	right	right	ADV	_	8 Put	advmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 Put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	believe	gerund	you not said here	something					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus
2	put	imperative	you not said here	it				right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Taffy could not write, she only drew pictures instead of words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 write	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 write	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 write	advmod
4	write	write	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 drew	punct
6	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 drew	nsubj
7	only	only	ADV	_	8 drew	advmod
8	drew	draw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 write	conj
9	pictures	picture	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 drew	obj
10	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	12 words	case
11	of	of	ADP	_	10 instead	fixed
12	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 write	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not write	could	Taffy					instead words	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	draw	past	Taffy	pictures					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Theme

Option 2

Taffy could not write, only draw pictures

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 write	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 write	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 write	advmod
4	write	write	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 draw	punct
6	only	only	ADV	_	7 draw	advmod
7	draw	draw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 write	conj
8	pictures	picture	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 draw	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not write	could	Taffy						vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	draw	infinitive	Taffy not said here	pictures					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Theme

Option 3

Taffy never wrote because the family used only drawing and speech

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 wrote	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 wrote	advmod
3	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 used	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 family	det
6	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 used	nsubj
7	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 wrote	ccomp
8	only	only	ADV	_	9 drawing	advmod
9	drawing	draw	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 used	advcl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 speech	cc
11	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wrote	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not write	past	Taffy						vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	use	past	the family						vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	draw	gerund	the family not said here						vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Nobody in the family could read or write; Taffy can only draw

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 read	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 family	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 family	det
4	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Nobody	nmod
5	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 read	aux
6	read	read	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 write	cc
8	write	write	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 read	conj
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 draw	punct
10	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 draw	nsubj
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 draw	aux
12	only	only	ADV	_	13 draw	advmod
13	draw	draw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 read	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	read	could	Nobody						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	write	infinitive	Nobody not said here						vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	draw	can	Taffy						vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/84-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear/t1/