Exam question 2 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, Little Claus and Big Claus, part 8…

Identify the person whom Great Claus struck with the hatchet at the bed, and state the reason he gave for the blow.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, Great Claus, Claus · What happens: identify, strike, state, give · To what, where: person, bed, reason

This is exam question 2 of lesson 870 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, Little Claus and Big Claus, part 81: Great Claus is beaten out of town, kills his own grandmother, and nearly drowns Little Claus, who escapes with a drover's cattle» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 person	det
3	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 struck	obj
5	Great	Great	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Claus	flat
6	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 struck	nsubj
7	struck	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 person	acl:relcl
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 hatchet	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 hatchet	det
10	hatchet	hatchet	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 struck	obl
11	at	at	ADP	_	13 bed	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 bed	det
13	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 struck	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 state	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 state	cc
16	state	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	parataxis
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 reason	det
18	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 state	obj
19	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 gave	nsubj
20	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 reason	acl:relcl
21	for	for	ADP	_	23 blow	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 blow	det
23	blow	blow	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 gave	obl
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the person			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent person=Theme
2	strike	past	Great Claus	the person	the bed	with the hatchet	tree rules
3	state speech: other	infinitive		the reason			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
4	give	past	Claus	the reason not said here		for the blow	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent reason=Theme for blow=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The old landlord of the inn, whom he thought was Little Claus, and his reason was "you cannot fool me again," said he.

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 landlord	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 landlord	amod
3	landlord	landlord	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 Claus	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 inn	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 inn	det
6	inn	inn	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 landlord	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 thought	punct
8	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 thought	obj
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 thought	nsubj
10	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 landlord	acl
11	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 Claus	cop
12	Little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 Claus	amod
13	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 said	nsubj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 fool	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 fool	cc
16	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 reason	nmod:poss
17	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 fool	nsubj:outer
18	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 fool	cop
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	23 fool	punct
20	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	23 fool	nsubj
21	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 fool	aux
22	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	23 fool	advmod
23	fool	fool	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 Claus	parataxis
24	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	23 fool	obj
25	again	again	ADV	_	23 fool	advmod
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 fool	punct
27	"	"	PUNCT	_	23 fool	punct
28	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
29	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 said	nsubj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	28 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	past	he	the old landlord of the inn			vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot whom=Theme
2	is a	past	the old landlord of the inn	Little Claus			tree rules
3	not is in a quote	can · past	Claus's reason		again	fool property	tree rules
4	say speech: assert	past	Little Claus				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The grandmother and the drover, both of whom he believed were Little Claus hiding in the bed, and his reason was that he wanted to be sure and "now you cannot make a fool of me again" at all.

The tree, 40 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 grandmother	det
2	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 Claus	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 drover	cc
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 drover	det
5	drover	drover	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grandmother	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 whom	punct
7	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	9 whom	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 whom	case
9	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 believed	obj
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 believed	nsubj
11	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 grandmother	acl:relcl
12	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 Claus	cop
13	Little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 Claus	amod
14	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
15	hiding	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 Claus	acl
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 bed	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 bed	det
18	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 hiding	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 reason	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 reason	cc
21	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 reason	nmod:poss
22	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 Claus	acl:relcl
23	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 wanted	cop
24	that	that	SCONJ	_	26 wanted	mark
25	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 wanted	nsubj
26	wanted	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 reason	acl
27	to	to	PART	_	29 sure	mark
28	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	29 sure	cop
29	sure	sure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 wanted	xcomp
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 make	cc
31	"	"	PUNCT	_	36 make	punct
32	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	36 make	advmod
33	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	36 make	nsubj
34	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	36 make	aux
35	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	36 make	advmod
36	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 sure	conj
37	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	38 fool	det
38	fool	fool	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 make	obj
39	of	of	ADP	_	40 me	case
40	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	38 fool	nmod
41	again	again	ADV	_	36 make	advmod
42	"	"	PUNCT	_	26 wanted	punct
43	at	at	ADP	_	44 all	case
44	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	26 wanted	obl
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 Claus	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	believe	past	he	the grandmother and the drover				vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus
2	is a	past	the grandmother and the drover	Little Claus				tree rules
3	hide	gerund	Little Claus not said here		the bed			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in bed=Location
4	is	past	Claus	Claus's reason not said here	all		want property	tree rules
5	is not said to happen	to-infinitive	Claus's reason not said here				sure property	tree rules
6	not make in a quote	can	you	a fool of me		now; again		vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fool=Product

Option 3

The old grandmother of Little Claus's whole family, whom he believed to be Little Claus hiding in the bed after the trick at the inn, and his reason was "now you cannot make a fool of me again, sir."

The tree, 41 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 grandmother	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 grandmother	amod
3	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 believed	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	9 family	case
5	Little	Little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 Claus	amod
6	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 family	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Claus	case
8	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 family	amod
9	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grandmother	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 believed	punct
11	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 believed	obj
12	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 believed	nsubj
13	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	to	to	PART	_	16 Little	mark
15	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 Little	cop
16	Little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 Claus	amod
17	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 believed	obj
18	hiding	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 believed	xcomp
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 bed	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 bed	det
21	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 hiding	obl
22	after	after	ADP	_	24 trick	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 trick	det
24	trick	trick	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 hiding	obl
25	at	at	ADP	_	27 inn	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 inn	det
27	inn	inn	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 trick	nmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 make	punct
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 make	cc
30	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 reason	nmod:poss
31	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 make	nsubj:outer
32	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	38 make	cop
33	"	"	PUNCT	_	38 make	punct
34	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	38 make	advmod
35	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	38 make	nsubj
36	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	38 make	aux
37	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	38 make	advmod
38	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 believed	parataxis
39	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	40 fool	det
40	fool	fool	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 make	obj
41	of	of	ADP	_	42 me	case
42	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	40 fool	nmod
43	again	again	ADV	_	38 make	advmod
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 sir	punct
45	sir	sir	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 make	vocative
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	38 make	punct
47	"	"	PUNCT	_	38 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	believe	past	the old grandmother of Little Claus's whole family	Little Claus				tree rules
2	is	to-infinitive					little property	tree rules
3	hide	gerund	the old grandmother of Little Claus's whole family not said here		the bed	after the trick at the inn		vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in bed=Location
4	not is in a quote	can · past	Claus's reason			now; again	sir vocative; make property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The old grandmother of Little Claus, whom he believed to be Little Claus, and his reason was "now you cannot make a fool of me again."

The tree, 27 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 grandmother	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 grandmother	amod
3	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 believed	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Little	case
5	Little	Little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 grandmother	nmod
6	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Little	flat
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 believed	punct
8	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 believed	obj
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 believed	nsubj
10	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	to	to	PART	_	14 Claus	mark
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 Claus	cop
13	Little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 Claus	amod
14	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 believed	ccomp
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 make	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 make	cc
17	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 reason	nmod:poss
18	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 make	nsubj:outer
19	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 make	cop
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	25 make	punct
21	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	25 make	advmod
22	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	25 make	nsubj
23	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 make	aux
24	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	25 make	advmod
25	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 believed	ccomp
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 fool	det
27	fool	fool	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 make	obj
28	of	of	ADP	_	29 me	case
29	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	27 fool	nmod
30	again	again	ADV	_	25 make	advmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	25 make	punct
32	"	"	PUNCT	_	25 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	believe	past	the old grandmother of Little				tree rules
2	is a	to-infinitive		Little Claus			tree rules
3	not is in a quote	can · past	Claus's reason		now; again	make property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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