Exam question 3 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, Little Claus and Big Claus, part 8…

State where and by whom the old drover was thrown into the river, and the reason Great Claus gave for doing so.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: State, reason · What happens: throw, give, do · To what, where: old drover, river

This is exam question 3 of lesson 870 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, Little Claus and Big Claus, part 81: Great Claus is beaten out of town, kills his own grandmother, and nearly drowns Little Claus, who escapes with a drover's cattle» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	10 thrown	advmod
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 thrown	cc
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 whom	case
5	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 thrown	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 drover	det
7	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 drover	amod
8	drover	drover	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 thrown	nsubj:pass
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 thrown	aux:pass
10	thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 State	appos
11	into	into	ADP	_	13 river	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 river	det
13	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 thrown	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 gave	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 gave	cc
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 reason	det
17	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 gave	nsubj
18	Great	Great	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 gave	nsubj
19	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 Great	flat
20	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 thrown	conj
21	for	for	SCONJ	_	22 doing	mark
22	doing	do	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	20 gave	advcl
23	so	so	ADV	_	22 doing	advmod
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	throw	past · passive	State	the old drover	into the river result	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer subject=Theme into river=Result
2	give	past	the reason			vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
3	do	gerund	the reason not said here			vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Pushed off the bridge into the broad, deep river by the cart drivers, who believed Great Claus had hidden Little Claus in it so that he could "play me no more tricks" and be sent away for good.

The tree, 38 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pushed	push	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	off	off	ADP	_	4 bridge	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 bridge	det
4	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Pushed	obl
5	into	into	ADP	_	10 river	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 river	det
7	broad	broad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 river	amod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 broad	punct
9	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 river	amod
10	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Pushed	obl
11	by	by	ADP	_	14 drivers	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 drivers	det
13	cart	cart	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 drivers	compound
14	drivers	driver	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Pushed	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 believed	punct
16	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 believed	nsubj
17	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 drivers	acl:relcl
18	Great	Great	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 hidden	nsubj:pass
19	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 Great	flat
20	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 hidden	aux
21	hidden	hide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 believed	ccomp
22	Little	Little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 hidden	obl:unmarked
23	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 Little	flat
24	in	in	ADP	_	25 it	case
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 hidden	obl
26	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	31 play	mark
27	that	that	SCONJ	_	26 so	fixed
28	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 play	nsubj
29	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 play	aux
30	"	"	PUNCT	_	31 play	punct
31	play	play	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 hidden	advcl
32	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	31 play	obj
33	no	no	ADV	_	35 tricks	advmod
34	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	35 tricks	amod
35	tricks	trick	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 play	obj
36	"	"	PUNCT	_	35 tricks	punct
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 sent	cc
38	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	39 sent	aux:pass
39	sent	send	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	31 play	conj
40	away	away	ADV	_	39 sent	advmod
41	for	for	ADP	_	42 good	case
42	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 sent	obl
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Pushed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	push off	participle		the bridge		the broad deep river	by the cart drivers	vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bridge=Theme into river=Destination
2	believe	past	the cart drivers					vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	hide	past · perfect · passive		Great		river	Little obl:unmarked	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient in it=Location
4	play in a quote	could	Great	more tricks	me			vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary trick=Theme
5	send away	infinitive · passive	Great not said here				for good; away property	vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Thrown into the broad, deep river by Great Claus, who believed it held Little Claus and that he would "play me no more tricks."

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	into	into	ADP	_	7 river	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 river	det
4	broad	broad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 river	amod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 broad	punct
6	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 river	amod
7	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Thrown	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 Great	case
9	Great	Great	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Thrown	obl
10	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Great	flat
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 believed	punct
12	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 believed	nsubj
13	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Thrown	conj
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 held	nsubj
15	held	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 believed	ccomp
16	Little	Little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 Claus	amod
17	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 held	obj
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 play	cc
19	that	that	SCONJ	_	23 play	mark
20	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 play	nsubj
21	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 play	aux
22	"	"	PUNCT	_	23 play	punct
23	play	play	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 held	conj
24	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	23 play	obj
25	no	no	ADV	_	26 more	advmod
26	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	27 tricks	amod
27	tricks	trick	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 play	obj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Thrown	punct
29	"	"	PUNCT	_	1 Thrown	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	throw	participle				into the broad deep river result; by Great	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer into river=Result
2	believe	past					vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	hold	past	river	Little Claus			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claus=Theme
4	play in a quote	would	Claus	more tricks	me		vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary trick=Theme

Option 3

Thrown into the broad, deep river near the church by Great Claus, who believed it held Little Claus, after the apothecary had told him he would be punished and that he would "play me no more tricks" ever again.

The tree, 39 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	into	into	ADP	_	7 river	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 river	det
4	broad	broad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 river	amod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 broad	punct
6	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 river	amod
7	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Thrown	obl
8	near	near	ADP	_	10 church	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 church	det
10	church	church	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Thrown	obl
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 Great	case
12	Great	Great	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Thrown	obl
13	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Great	flat
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 believed	punct
15	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 believed	nsubj
16	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 Great	acl:relcl
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 held	nsubj
18	held	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 believed	ccomp
19	Little	Little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 Claus	amod
20	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 held	obj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 told	punct
22	after	after	SCONJ	_	26 told	mark
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 apothecary	det
24	apothecary	apothecary	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 told	nsubj:pass
25	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 told	aux
26	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 held	conj
27	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 told	iobj
28	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 punished	nsubj:pass
29	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 punished	aux
30	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	31 punished	aux:pass
31	punished	punish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	26 told	ccomp
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 play	cc
33	that	that	SCONJ	_	37 play	mark
34	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 play	nsubj
35	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	37 play	aux
36	"	"	PUNCT	_	37 play	punct
37	play	play	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 punished	conj
38	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	37 play	obj
39	no	no	ADV	_	41 tricks	advmod
40	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	41 tricks	amod
41	tricks	trick	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 play	obj
42	"	"	PUNCT	_	41 tricks	punct
43	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	44 again	advmod
44	again	again	ADV	_	37 play	advmod
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Thrown	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	throw	participle					into the broad deep river result; near the church; by Great	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer into river=Result
2	believe	past	Great					vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	hold	past	church	Little Claus				vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claus=Theme
4	tell speech: assert	past · perfect · passive		the apothecary	Claus			tree rules
5	punish	would · passive		Claus				vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
6	play in a quote	would	Claus	more tricks	me	again		vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary trick=Theme

Option 4

Into the lake by the church by Great Claus, who thought Little Claus was inside and "would play no more tricks."

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Into	into	ADP	_	3 lake	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 lake	det
3	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 church	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 church	det
6	church	church	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lake	nmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 Great	case
8	Great	Great	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 church	nmod
9	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Great	flat
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 thought	punct
11	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 thought	nsubj
12	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 lake	acl
13	Little	Little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 inside	nsubj
14	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Little	flat
15	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 inside	cop
16	inside	inside	ADV	_	12 thought	ccomp
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 play	cc
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 play	punct
19	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 play	aux
20	play	play	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 inside	conj
21	no	no	ADV	_	22 more	advmod
22	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	23 tricks	amod
23	tricks	trick	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 play	obj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 lake	punct
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 lake	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	past	the lake by the church by Great			vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	Little		inside property	tree rules
3	play in a quote	would	Little not said here	more tricks		vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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