Exam question 1 · Fairy Tales, The Little Elder-Tree Mother, part 82: Little…

Which of the following describes the event by which Little Claus first reaches the bottom of the river?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Little · What happens: follow, describe, reach · To what, where: event, bottom

This is exam question 1 of lesson 871 «Fairy Tales, The Little Elder-Tree Mother, part 82: Little Claus tricks Great Claus into the river, and an old man begins a story from the teapot» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 describes	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 describes	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 describes	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 describes	nsubj
5	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 event	det
7	event	event	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 describes	obj
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 which	case
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 reaches	obl
10	Little	Little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 reaches	nsubj
11	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Little	flat
12	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	13 reaches	advmod
13	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 event	acl:relcl
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 bottom	det
15	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 reaches	obj
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 river	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 river	det
18	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 bottom	nmod
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the event		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent event=Theme
3	reach	present	Little	the bottom of the river	by the event; first property	vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent bottom=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He is lowered on a rope by the cattle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lowered	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lowered	aux:pass
3	lowered	lower	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 rope	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 rope	det
6	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lowered	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 cattle	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cattle	det
9	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lowered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lower	present · passive	the cattle	He		a rope			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme on rope=Destination

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

He jumps from a boat onto the riverbed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 jumps	nsubj
2	jumps	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 boat	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 boat	det
5	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 jumps	obl
6	onto	onto	ADP	_	8 riverbed	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 riverbed	det
8	riverbed	riverbed	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 jumps	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	present	He			a boat		onto the riverbed	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from boat=Trajectory

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

He is tied in a sack and thrown from the bridge

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 tied	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 tied	aux:pass
3	tied	tie	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 sack	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sack	det
6	sack	sack	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tied	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 thrown	cc
8	thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 tied	conj
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 bridge	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 bridge	det
11	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 thrown	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tie	present · passive		He		a sack			vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	throw	participle				the bridge			vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent from bridge=Initial_Location

Option 4

He swims down from the bank of the river

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 swims	nsubj
2	swims	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	down	down	ADV	_	2 swims	advmod
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 bank	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bank	det
6	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 swims	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 river	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 river	det
9	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bank	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim down	present	He			the bank of the river		down property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from bank=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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