Exam question 2 · Fairy Tales, The Little Elder-Tree Mother, part 82: Little…

Which of the following is the reason given by Little Claus for returning to land?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, be, give, return, land · To what, where: reason

This is exam question 2 of lesson 871 «Fairy Tales, The Little Elder-Tree Mother, part 82: Little Claus tricks Great Claus into the river, and an old man begins a story from the teapot» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 reason	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	7 reason	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 reason	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 reason	case
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 reason	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 reason	det
7	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 reason	acl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 Claus	case
10	Little	Little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 Claus	amod
11	Claus	Claus	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 given	obl
12	for	for	SCONJ	_	13 returning	mark
13	returning	return	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 given	advcl
14	to	to	PART	_	15 land	mark
15	land	land	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 returning	xcomp
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present		of the reason	tree rules
3	give	participle	the reason not said here	by Little Claus	vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
4	return	gerund			tree rules
5	land	to-infinitive			vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He has been ordered by the sea-maiden to leave

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 ordered	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 ordered	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 ordered	aux:pass
4	ordered	order	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	SCONJ	_	9 maiden	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 maiden	det
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 maiden	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 sea	punct
9	maiden	maiden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 ordered	xcomp
10	to	to	PART	_	11 leave	mark
11	leave	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 maiden	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	order	present · perfect · passive		He				maiden property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	leave	to-infinitive	He not said here						vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

He has been chased back by fierce fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 chased	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 chased	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 chased	aux:pass
4	chased	chase	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	back	back	ADV	_	4 chased	advmod
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 fish	case
7	fierce	fierce	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fish	amod
8	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chased	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chase back	present · perfect · passive	fierce fish	He					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

He has lost his way in the river

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lost	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lost	aux
3	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 way	nmod:poss
5	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lost	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 river	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 river	det
8	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lost	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present · perfect	He	his way		the river			vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

He has chosen a shorter route to the cattle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 chosen	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 chosen	aux
3	chosen	choose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 route	det
5	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 route	amod
6	route	route	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 chosen	obj
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 cattle	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cattle	det
9	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 route	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	choose	present · perfect	He	a shorter route				to the cattle	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent route=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/871-pg27200-part82/e2/