Exam question 4 · Just So Stories, The Crab that Played with the Sea, part 1…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the formation of the Himalayas in the real world?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: formation, real world

This is exam question 4 of lesson 90 «Just So Stories, The Crab that Played with the Sea, part 1: the Eldest Magician and the sea that will not behave» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 formation	det
10	formation	formation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 Himalayas	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Himalayas	det
13	Himalayas	Himalaya	PROPN	Number=Plur	10 formation	nmod
14	in	in	ADP	_	17 world	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 world	det
16	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 world	amod
17	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the formation of the Himalayas		the real world		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Waves from the sea piled the rock up against the coast of Asia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 piled	nsubj
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 sea	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 sea	det
4	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Waves	nmod
5	piled	pile	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 rock	det
7	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 piled	obj
8	up	up	ADP	_	5 piled	compound:prt
9	against	against	ADP	_	11 coast	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 coast	det
11	coast	coast	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 piled	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 Asia	case
13	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 coast	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pile up	past	Waves from the sea	the rock		the coast of Asia			vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rock=Theme against coast=Destination

Option 2

They were raised by the northward collision of the land of India with Asia over millions of years, folding the rock

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 raised	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 raised	aux:pass
3	raised	raise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 collision	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 collision	det
6	northward	northward	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 collision	amod
7	collision	collision	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 raised	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 land	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 land	det
10	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 collision	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 India	case
12	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 land	nmod
13	with	with	ADP	_	14 Asia	case
14	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 India	nmod
15	over	over	ADP	_	16 millions	case
16	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 raised	obl:agent
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 years	case
18	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 millions	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 folding	punct
20	folding	fold	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 raised	conj
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 rock	det
22	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 folding	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	raise	past · passive	millions of years	They	by the northward collision of the land of India with Asia	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme by collision=Destination
2	fold	gerund	millions of years not said here	the rock		vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent rock=Patient
3	collide		the land of India with Asia			nom collision «event intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They were raised by the northward collision of the land of India with Asia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 raised	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 raised	aux:pass
3	raised	raise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 collision	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 collision	det
6	northward	northward	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 collision	amod
7	collision	collision	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 raised	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 land	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 land	det
10	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 collision	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 India	case
12	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 land	nmod
13	with	with	ADP	_	14 Asia	case
14	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 India	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	raise	past · passive	the northward collision of the land of India with Asia	They					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	collide		the land of India with Asia						nom collision «event intransitive»: of=agent

Option 4

They were thrust up by the southward collision of Asia with the land of India, long before any humans lived there

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 thrust	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 thrust	aux:pass
3	thrust	thrust	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 thrust	compound:prt
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 collision	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 collision	det
7	southward	southward	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 collision	amod
8	collision	collision	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 thrust	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 Asia	case
10	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 collision	nmod
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 land	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 land	det
13	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 thrust	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 India	case
15	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 land	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 lived	punct
17	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	21 lived	advmod
18	before	before	SCONJ	_	21 lived	mark
19	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	20 humans	det
20	humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 lived	nsubj
21	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 thrust	conj
22	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	21 lived	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	thrust up	past · passive	the southward collision of Asia	They		with the land of India	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	live	past	any humans		there	long property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	collide		Asia				nom collision «event intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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