Test 14 · ★ · Just So Stories, The Crab that Played with the Sea, part 2…

Amir from Toronto, in his toque (woolly hat): «why didn't the crab just take the gifts straight off?» What did Pau Amma say?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: crab, Pau · What happens: not take, say · To what, where: gifts · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 14 · ★ of lesson 91 «Just So Stories, The Crab that Played with the Sea, part 2: Pau Amma loses his shell» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Amir from Toronto, in his toque (woolly hat): «why didn't the crab just take the gifts straight off?»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Amir	Amir	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	from	from	ADP	_	3 Toronto	case
3	Toronto	Toronto	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Amir	nmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 toque	punct
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 toque	case
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 toque	nmod:poss
7	toque	toque	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Amir	appos
8	(	(	PUNCT	_	10 hat	punct
9	woolly	woolly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 hat	amod
10	hat	hat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 toque	appos
11	)	)	PUNCT	_	10 hat	punct
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	20 take	punct
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	20 take	punct
14	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	20 take	advmod
15	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 take	aux
16	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	20 take	advmod
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 crab	det
18	crab	crab	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 take	nsubj
19	just	just	ADV	_	20 take	advmod
20	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Amir	parataxis
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 gifts	det
22	gifts	gift	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 take	obj
23	straight	straight	ADV	_	24 off	advmod
24	off	off	ADV	_	20 take	advmod
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	20 take	punct
26	»	»	PUNCT	_	20 take	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not take in a quote	past · do-support	the crab	the gifts				off property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gift=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What did Pau Amma say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 say	obj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 say	aux
3	Pau	Pau	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 say	nsubj
4	Amma	Amma	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Pau	flat
5	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past · do-support	Pau						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1

All soft as he was, the gifts would not help him at all, so he must first have his shell back from the Magician

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 soft	det
2	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 help	nsubj
3	as	as	SCONJ	_	5 was	mark
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 was	nsubj
5	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 soft	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 soft	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 gifts	det
8	gifts	gift	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 help	nsubj
9	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 help	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 help	advmod
11	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
12	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 help	obj
13	at	at	ADP	_	14 all	case
14	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 help	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 have	punct
16	so	so	ADV	_	20 have	advmod
17	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 have	nsubj
18	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 have	aux
19	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	20 have	advmod
20	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 help	conj
21	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 shell	nmod:poss
22	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 have	obj
23	back	back	ADV	_	20 have	advmod
24	from	from	ADP	_	26 Magician	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 Magician	det
26	Magician	magician	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 back	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	be	past	he					vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not help	would	all soft		him = he	all		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary
3	have	must	he	his shell			first property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient

Option 2

He was soft, so the gifts would not help; first the shell

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 soft	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 soft	cop
3	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 help	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	10 help	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 gifts	det
7	gifts	gift	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 help	nsubj
8	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 help	aux
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 help	advmod
10	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 soft	conj
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 shell	punct
12	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	14 shell	advmod
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 shell	det
14	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 soft	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	He					the shell obl; soft property	tree rules
2	not help	would	the gifts						vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

All soft as he was, he could not take the gifts yet, for the Magician had to make him a new shell first and then go

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 soft	det
2	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 take	nsubj
3	as	as	SCONJ	_	5 was	mark
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 was	nsubj
5	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 take	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 was	punct
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 take	nsubj
8	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 take	aux
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 take	advmod
10	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 gifts	det
12	gifts	gift	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 take	obj
13	yet	yet	ADV	_	10 take	advmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 had	punct
15	for	for	SCONJ	_	18 had	mark
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 Magician	det
17	Magician	magician	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 had	nsubj
18	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 take	conj
19	to	to	PART	_	20 make	mark
20	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 had	xcomp
21	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 make	obj
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 shell	det
23	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 shell	amod
24	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 make	obj
25	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	20 make	advmod
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 go	cc
27	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	28 go	advmod
28	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 take	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	be	past	he					vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not take	could	all soft	the gifts		yet		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gift=Theme
3	have	past	the Magician					tree rules
4	make	to-infinitive	the Magician not said here	a new shell	Magician		first property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset he=Beneficiary shell=Product
5	go	infinitive	all soft not said here			then		vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

All soft as he was, the gifts would not help him; first his shell

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 soft	det
2	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 help	nsubj
3	as	as	SCONJ	_	5 was	mark
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 was	nsubj
5	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 soft	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 soft	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 gifts	det
8	gifts	gift	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 help	nsubj
9	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 help	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 help	advmod
11	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
12	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 help	obj
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 help	punct
14	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	11 help	advmod
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 shell	nmod:poss
16	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 help	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	past	he						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not help	would	all soft	him = he				first property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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