Exam question 2 · Jurgen, Jurgen, part 175: a boy rides to a funeral, then s…

With reference to the text, what is the principal cause of the sand-dunes' inland advance, as explained by the local inhabitants?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: reference, sand dunes · What happens: be, explain, advance · To what, where: principal cause, inland advance

This is exam question 2 of lesson 964 «Jurgen, Jurgen, part 175: a boy rides to a funeral, then sails out and sees a Spanish city» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	ADP	_	2 reference	case
2	reference	reference	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 text	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 text	det
5	text	text	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reference	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 cause	punct
7	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	11 cause	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 cause	cop
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 cause	det
10	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 cause	amod
11	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reference	conj
12	of	of	ADP	_	19 advance	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 dunes	det
14	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 dunes	compound
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 sand	punct
16	dunes	dune	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 advance	nmod:poss
17	'	's	PART	_	16 dunes	case
18	inland	inland	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 advance	amod
19	advance	advance	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 cause	nmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 explained	punct
21	as	as	SCONJ	_	22 explained	mark
22	explained	explain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	19 advance	acl
23	by	by	ADP	_	26 inhabitants	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 inhabitants	det
25	local	local	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 inhabitants	amod
26	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 explained	obl
27	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 reference	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	reference to the text and the principal cause	the principal cause	of the sand dunes's inland advance	tree rules
2	explain speech: assert	participle		the sand dunes's inland advance not said here	by the local inhabitants	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	advance		the sand dunes			nom advance «event intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The disturbed burial of a sailor whose body was then carried back to the ocean by oxen over the heath.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 burial	det
2	disturbed	disturb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 burial	amod
3	burial	burial	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 carried	nsubj:pass
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 sailor	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sailor	det
6	sailor	sailor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 burial	nmod
7	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	8 body	nmod:poss
8	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sailor	conj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 carried	aux:pass
10	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 carried	advmod
11	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
12	back	back	ADV	_	11 carried	advmod
13	to	to	ADP	_	15 ocean	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 ocean	det
15	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 carried	obl
16	by	by	ADP	_	17 oxen	case
17	oxen	ox	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 carried	obl
18	over	over	ADP	_	20 heath	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 heath	det
20	heath	heath	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 carried	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 carried	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	disturb	participle						vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	carry back	past · passive	oxen	the disturbed burial of a sailor and a sailor and body's body	the heath	then	to the ocean	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme to ocean=Destination
3	bury			a sailor and a sailor and a sailor's body's body				nom burial «event transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The disturbed burial of a sailor whose body was then carried back to the ocean.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 burial	det
2	disturbed	disturb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 burial	amod
3	burial	burial	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 carried	nsubj:pass
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 sailor	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sailor	det
6	sailor	sailor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 burial	nmod
7	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	8 body	nmod:poss
8	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sailor	conj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 carried	aux:pass
10	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 carried	advmod
11	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
12	back	back	ADV	_	11 carried	advmod
13	to	to	ADP	_	15 ocean	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 ocean	det
15	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 carried	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 carried	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	disturb	participle				vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	carry back	past · passive	the disturbed burial of a sailor and a sailor and body's body	the ocean	then	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to ocean=Destination
3	bury		a sailor and a sailor and a sailor's body's body			nom burial «event transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The disturbed burial of a sailor, after which the peasants buried the body again in the sand near the coast.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 burial	det
2	disturbed	disturb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 burial	amod
3	burial	burial	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 buried	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 sailor	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sailor	det
6	sailor	sailor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 burial	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 buried	punct
8	after	after	ADP	_	9 which	case
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 buried	obl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 peasants	det
11	peasants	peasant	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 buried	nsubj
12	buried	bury	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 body	det
14	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 buried	obj
15	again	again	ADV	_	12 buried	advmod
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 sand	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 sand	det
18	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 buried	obl
19	near	near	ADP	_	21 coast	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 coast	det
21	coast	coast	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 buried	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 buried	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	disturb	participle						vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	bury	past	the disturbed burial of a sailor	the body	the sand	again	near the coast	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent body=Theme in sand=Destination
3	bury			a sailor				nom burial «event transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The neglect of the old dunes by the villagers.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 neglect	det
2	neglect	neglect	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 dunes	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dunes	det
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 dunes	amod
6	dunes	dune	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 neglect	nmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 villagers	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 villagers	det
9	villagers	villager	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 dunes	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 neglect	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	neglect			the old dunes by the villagers					nom neglect «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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