Exam question 1 · What is everything made of?

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the constitution of ordinary matter?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, constitute · To what, where: constitution, ordinary matter

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1 «What is everything made of?» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 constitution	det
10	constitution	constitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 matter	case
12	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 matter	amod
13	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 constitution	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the constitution of ordinary matter	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	constitute		ordinary matter		nom constitution «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Matter consists of the four elements earth, air, fire and water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consists	nsubj
2	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 earth	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 earth	det
5	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 elements	nummod
6	elements	element	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 earth	compound
7	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consists	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 air	punct
9	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 earth	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 fire	punct
11	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 earth	conj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 water	cc
13	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 earth	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	Matter					of the elements earth and air and fire and water	tree rules

Option 2

Matter may be subdivided indefinitely without limit

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 subdivided	nsubj:pass
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 subdivided	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 subdivided	aux:pass
4	subdivided	subdivide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	indefinitely	indefinitely	ADV	_	4 subdivided	advmod
6	without	without	ADP	_	7 limit	case
7	limit	limit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 subdivided	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subdivide	may · passive		Matter				without limit; indefinitely property	tree rules

Option 3

Only living matter is composed of particles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 living	advmod
2	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 matter	amod
3	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 composed	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 composed	aux:pass
5	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 particles	case
7	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 composed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	present · passive		living matter				of particles	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

All matter is composed of minute particles designated atoms

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 matter	det
2	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 composed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 composed	aux:pass
4	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 particles	case
6	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 particles	compound
7	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 composed	obl
8	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 atoms	amod
9	atoms	atom	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 particles	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	present · passive		all matter				of minute particles and designated atoms	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2	designate	participle							vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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