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Exam question 2 · What is everything made of?

It is given that a coloured substance disperses throughout still water in the absence of agitation. Identify the principal cause.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: coloured substance, you · What happens: give, disperse, absent, identify · To what, where: It, absence, agitation, principal cause

This is exam question 2 of lesson 1 «What is everything made of?» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a coloured substance disperses throughout still water in the absence of agitation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 disperses	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 substance	det
6	coloured	coloured	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 substance	amod
7	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 disperses	nsubj
8	disperses	disperse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
9	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	11 water	case
10	still	still	ADV	_	11 water	advmod
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 disperses	obl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 absence	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 absence	det
14	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 disperses	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 agitation	case
16	agitation	agitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 absence	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	disperse	present	a coloured substance			the absence of agitation	throughout water		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	absent			agitation					nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Identify the principal cause.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cause	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cause	amod
4	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal cause					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The continual random motion of the particles of the water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 motion	det
2	continual	continual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 motion	amod
3	random	random	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 motion	amod
4	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 particles	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 particles	det
7	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 motion	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 water	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 water	det
10	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 particles	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	motion		the particles of the water						nom motion «communication intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2

Currents generated by the observer's breath

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Currents	current	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	generated	generate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Currents	acl
3	by	by	ADP	_	7 breath	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 observer	det
5	observer	observer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 breath	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 observer	case
7	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 generated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	generate	participle		Currents not said here				by the observer's breath	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Attraction exerted by the walls of the vessel

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Attraction	attraction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	exerted	exert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Attraction	acl
3	by	by	ADP	_	5 walls	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 walls	det
5	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 exerted	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 vessel	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 vessel	det
8	vessel	vessel	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 walls	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exert	participle		Attraction not said here				by the walls of the vessel	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

The superior weight of the colouring agent, which descends and spreads

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 weight	det
2	superior	superior	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 weight	amod
3	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 descends	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 agent	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 agent	det
6	colouring	colouring	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 agent	compound
7	agent	agent	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 weight	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 descends	punct
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 descends	nsubj
10	descends	descend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 spreads	cc
12	spreads	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 descends	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	descend	present	the superior weight of the colouring agent						vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	spread	present	the superior weight of the colouring agent not said here						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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