Test 4 · What is everything made of?

In a cartoon, an ice cube melts and the puddle weighs much less than the ice. What's wrong?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: ice cube, puddle · What happens: melt, weigh, be · To what, where: cartoon, less

This is test 4 of lesson 1 «What is everything made of?» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, an ice cube melts and the puddle weighs much less than the ice.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 melts	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 cube	det
6	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cube	compound
7	cube	cube	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 melts	nsubj
8	melts	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 weighs	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 puddle	det
11	puddle	puddle	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 weighs	nsubj
12	weighs	weigh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 melts	conj
13	much	much	ADV	_	14 less	advmod
14	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 weighs	obj
15	than	than	ADP	_	17 ice	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 ice	det
17	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 less	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 melts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	present	a ice cube			a cartoon			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	weigh	present	the puddle	less					vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme less=Value

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The puddle weighs the same, the molecules are all still there

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 puddle	det
2	puddle	puddle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 weighs	nsubj
3	weighs	weigh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 same	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 weighs	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 there	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 molecules	det
8	molecules	molecule	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 there	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 there	cop
10	all	all	ADV	_	12 there	advmod
11	still	still	ADV	_	12 there	advmod
12	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 weighs	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	weigh	present	the puddle	the same					vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme same=Value
2	is	present	the molecules				still	all, there property	tree rules

Option 2

Melted water weighs nothing at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Melted	melt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 water	amod
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 weighs	nsubj
3	weighs	weigh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 weighs	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 weighs	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	participle							vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	weigh	present	Melted water	nothing		all			vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent nothing=Theme at all=Value

Option 3

Nothing, water is always lighter than ice, because ice is packed tighter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 water	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lighter	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 lighter	cop
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 lighter	advmod
6	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	than	than	ADP	_	8 ice	case
8	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lighter	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 packed	punct
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	13 packed	mark
11	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 packed	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 packed	aux:pass
13	packed	pack	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 lighter	parataxis
14	tighter	tight	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	13 packed	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Nothing water					than ice; always, light property	tree rules
2	pack	present · passive		ice				tight property	vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: subject=Destination

Option 4

The puddle should weigh twice as much

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 puddle	det
2	puddle	puddle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 weigh	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 weigh	aux
4	weigh	weigh	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	7 much	advmod
6	as	as	ADV	_	7 much	advmod
7	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 weigh	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	weigh	should	the puddle	much					vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme much=Value

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/1-what-is-everything-made-of/t4/