Exam question 2 · Cooking is chemistry

Identify the principal reason for which a popcorn kernel bursts upon heating.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, popcorn kernel · What happens: identify, burst · To what, where: principal reason, heating

This is exam question 2 of lesson 10 «Cooking is chemistry» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 bursts	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 kernel	det
8	popcorn	popcorn	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 kernel	compound
9	kernel	kernel	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bursts	nsubj
10	bursts	burst	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	parataxis
11	upon	upon	ADP	_	12 heating	case
12	heating	heating	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bursts	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	burst	present	a popcorn kernel			heating		for the principal reason	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon heating=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The water within is converted to steam, raising the pressure within the shell

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 water	det
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 converted	nsubj:pass
3	within	within	ADP	_	2 water	nmod
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 converted	aux:pass
5	converted	convert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 steam	case
7	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 converted	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 raising	punct
9	raising	raise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 converted	advcl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 pressure	det
11	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 raising	obj
12	within	within	ADP	_	14 shell	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 shell	det
14	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 raising	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	convert	present · passive		the water				to steam result	vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Patient to steam=Result
2	raise	gerund		the pressure				within the shell	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pressure=Theme

Option 2

The oil of the pan ignites within the kernel

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 oil	det
2	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ignites	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 pan	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 pan	det
5	pan	pan	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 oil	nmod
6	ignites	ignite	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	within	within	ADP	_	9 kernel	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 kernel	det
9	kernel	kernel	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ignites	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ignite	present	the oil of the pan					within the kernel	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

The kernel contracts upon heating

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 kernel	det
2	kernel	kernel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 contracts	nsubj
3	contracts	contract	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 heating	case
5	heating	heating	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 contracts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contract	present	the kernel					upon heating	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

Air from without is forced into the kernel by the heat of the pan until it ruptures

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 forced	nsubj:pass
2	from	from	ADP	_	1 Air	nmod
3	without	without	ADP	_	2 from	fixed
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 forced	aux:pass
5	forced	force	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 kernel	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 kernel	det
8	kernel	kernel	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 forced	obl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 heat	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 heat	det
11	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 forced	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 pan	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 pan	det
14	pan	pan	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 heat	nmod
15	until	until	SCONJ	_	17 ruptures	mark
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 ruptures	nsubj
17	ruptures	rupture	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 forced	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	force	present · passive	the heat of the pan	Air	the kernel	vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient
2	rupture	present	Air			vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	heat		the pan			nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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