Exam question 2 · The candle and what burning is

Identify the principal reason for which a candle enclosed beneath a jar is extinguished.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, candle · What happens: identify, enclose, be · To what, where: principal reason, candle

This is exam question 2 of lesson 11 «The candle and what burning is» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 extinguished	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 candle	det
8	candle	candle	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 extinguished	nsubj
9	enclosed	enclose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 candle	acl
10	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	12 jar	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 jar	det
12	jar	jar	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 enclosed	obl
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 extinguished	cop
14	extinguished	extinguished	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	acl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	enclose	participle		a candle not said here	beneath a jar	vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
3	is	present	a candle		for the principal reason; extinguished property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The wax is exhausted at the moment of enclosure, the jar drawing it upward

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wax	det
2	wax	wax	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 exhausted	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 exhausted	aux:pass
4	exhausted	exhaust	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 moment	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 moment	det
7	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 exhausted	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 enclosure	case
9	enclosure	enclosure	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 moment	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 jar	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 jar	det
12	jar	jar	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 moment	conj
13	drawing	draw	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 jar	acl
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 drawing	obj
15	upward	upward	ADV	_	13 drawing	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exhaust	present · passive		the wax			moment		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
2	draw	gerund	the jar not said here	wax				upward property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 2

Light cannot pass through the jar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pass	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 pass	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 pass	advmod
4	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	through	through	ADP	_	7 jar	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 jar	det
7	jar	jar	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pass	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not pass	can	Light			the jar			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through jar=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The supply of oxygen within the jar is insufficient to sustain combustion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 supply	det
2	supply	supply	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 insufficient	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 oxygen	case
4	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 supply	nmod
5	within	within	ADP	_	7 jar	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 jar	det
7	jar	jar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 supply	nmod
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 insufficient	cop
9	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
10	to	to	PART	_	11 sustain	mark
11	sustain	sustain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 insufficient	csubj
12	combustion	combustion	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 sustain	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the supply of oxygen within the jar					insufficient property	tree rules
2	sustain	to-infinitive		combustion					vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent combustion=Theme

Option 4

The glass of the jar absorbs the heat of the flame

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 glass	det
2	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 absorbs	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 jar	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 jar	det
5	jar	jar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 glass	nmod
6	absorbs	absorb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 heat	det
8	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 absorbs	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 flame	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 flame	det
11	flame	flame	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 heat	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb	present	the glass of the jar	the heat of the flame					vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal heat=Theme
2	heat		the flame						nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/11-the-candle-and-burning/e2/