Exam question 3 · The candle and what burning is

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning respiration and combustion.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern · To what, where: response, respiration

This is exam question 3 of lesson 11 «The candle and what burning is» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	respiration	respiration	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 combustion	cc
14	combustion	combustion	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 respiration	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	respiration and combustion		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus respiration=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Respiration produces oxygen, whereas combustion consumes it entirely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Respiration	respiration	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 produces	nsubj
2	produces	produce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 produces	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 consumes	punct
5	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	7 consumes	mark
6	combustion	combustion	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 consumes	nsubj
7	consumes	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 produces	conj
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 consumes	obj
9	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	7 consumes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	present	Respiration	oxygen					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Result
2	consume	present	combustion	oxygen				entirely property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Asset

Option 2

Respiration requires an open flame within the body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Respiration	respiration	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	nsubj
2	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 flame	det
4	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 flame	amod
5	flame	flame	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	obj
6	within	within	ADP	_	8 body	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 body	det
8	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	Respiration	a open flame				within the body	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme flame=Precondition

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Both combine carbon-based substances with oxygen, liberating energy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 combine	nsubj
2	combine	combine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 based	compound
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 carbon	punct
5	based	base	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 substances	amod
6	substances	substance	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 combine	obj
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 oxygen	case
8	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 substances	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 liberating	punct
10	liberating	liberate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 combine	advcl
11	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 liberating	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	combine	present	Both	based substances	with oxygen	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent substance=Patient with oxygen=Co-Patient
2	base	participle				vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent
3	liberate	gerund	Both not said here	energy		vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme

Option 4

Combustion requires no oxygen whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Combustion	combustion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	nsubj
2	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 oxygen	det
4	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	obj
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	2 requires	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	Combustion	no oxygen				whatsoever property	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme oxygen=Precondition

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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