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Test 6 · ★ · Gases all around: breath and balloons

In class, Sam pumps air into lime water and nothing much happens; then he breathes into it and it goes milky. Why the difference?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Sam, much, air · What happens: pump, happen, breathe, go · To what, where: air, class, water

This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 20 «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In class, Sam pumps air into lime water and nothing much happens; then he breathes into it and it goes milky.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 class	case
2	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pumps	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 class	punct
4	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 pumps	nsubj
5	pumps	pump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pumps	obj
7	into	into	ADP	_	9 water	case
8	lime	lime	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 water	compound
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pumps	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 nothing	cc
11	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	9 water	conj
12	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 happens	nsubj
13	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 nothing	acl:relcl
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 breathes	punct
15	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	17 breathes	advmod
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 breathes	nsubj
17	breathes	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 pumps	conj
18	into	into	ADP	_	19 it	case
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 breathes	obl
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 goes	cc
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 goes	nsubj
22	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 breathes	conj
23	milky	milky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 goes	xcomp
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 pumps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pump	present	Sam	air		class		into lime water	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent air=Theme in class=Destination
2	happen	present	much						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	breathe	present	Sam			water	then		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	go	present	air					milky property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why the difference?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Rel	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 difference	det
3	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Why	nsubj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1

Breath is warmer, and lime water likes heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 warmer	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 warmer	cop
3	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 likes	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 likes	cc
6	lime	lime	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 water	compound
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 likes	nsubj
8	likes	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 warmer	conj
9	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 likes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Breath					warm property	tree rules
2	like	present	lime water	heat					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot heat=Theme

Option 2

The pump was broken

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pump	det
2	pump	pump	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 broken	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 broken	aux:pass
4	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	past · passive		the pump					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3

Sam's breath had sweets in it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 breath	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Sam	case
3	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	nsubj
4	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	sweets	sweet	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 had	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 it	case
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Sam's breath	sweets		it			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Breath has much more carbon dioxide

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	much	much	ADV	_	4 more	advmod
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 dioxide	amod
5	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 dioxide	compound
6	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Breath	more carbon dioxide					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dioxide=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/t6/