Exam question 2 · Dyes, inks and colouring

Identify the principal cause of the fading of textiles exposed to sunlight.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, textiles · What happens: identify, expose, cause, fade · To what, where: principal cause, textiles, sunlight, fading

This is exam question 2 of lesson 27 «Dyes, inks and colouring» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cause	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cause	amod
4	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 fading	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 fading	det
7	fading	fading	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cause	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 textiles	case
9	textiles	textile	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fading	nmod
10	exposed	expose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 textiles	acl
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 sunlight	case
12	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 exposed	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal cause of the fading of textiles		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme
2	expose	participle		textiles not said here	sunlight	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to sunlight=Recipient
3	cause			the fading of textiles		nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient
4	fade		textiles			nom fading «event intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The absorption of colour by window glass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 absorption	det
2	absorption	absorption	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 colour	case
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absorption	nmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 glass	case
6	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 glass	compound
7	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absorption	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb		window glass	colour					nom absorption «process transitive»: of=patient by=agent

Option 2

The evaporation of the fibres in warm air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 evaporation	det
2	evaporation	evaporation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 fibres	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 fibres	det
5	fibres	fibre	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 evaporation	nmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 air	case
7	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 air	amod
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fibres	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	evaporate			the fibres in warm air					nom evaporation «process transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The decomposition of dye molecules by ultraviolet radiation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 decomposition	det
2	decomposition	decomposition	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 molecules	case
4	dye	dye	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 molecules	compound
5	molecules	molecule	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 decomposition	nmod
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 radiation	case
7	ultraviolet	ultraviolet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 radiation	amod
8	radiation	radiation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 molecules	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decompose			dye molecules by ultraviolet radiation					nom decomposition «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The bleaching action of moisture alone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 action	det
2	bleaching	bleaching	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 action	compound
3	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 moisture	case
5	moisture	moisture	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 action	nmod
6	alone	alone	ADV	_	3 action	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	act		moisture						nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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