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Test 7 · ★ · Leaves, fruit and colour in nature

A cartoon octopus takes an hour to change colour. What's more true?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cartoon octopus · What happens: take, change, be · To what, where: colour

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 28 «Leaves, fruit and colour in nature» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon octopus takes an hour to change colour.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 octopus	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 octopus	compound
3	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 takes	nsubj
4	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 hour	det
6	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 takes	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 change	mark
8	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 takes	advcl
9	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 change	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 takes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present	a cartoon octopus				hour		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	change	to-infinitive	a cartoon octopus not said here	colour					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's more true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 true	amod
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Some can change in less than a second

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	3 change	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 change	aux
3	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	8 second	case
5	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	8 second	advmod
6	than	than	ADP	_	5 less	fixed
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 second	det
8	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	can	Some				second		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They change only by eating coloured food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 change	nsubj
2	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	2 change	advmod
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	5 eating	mark
5	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 change	advcl
6	coloured	coloured	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 food	amod
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 eating	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	They						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	eat	gerund	They not said here	coloured food					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient

Option 3

They change only when they are fast asleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 change	nsubj
2	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	8 asleep	advmod
4	when	when	SCONJ	_	8 asleep	mark
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 asleep	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 asleep	cop
7	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 asleep	advmod
8	asleep	asleep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 change	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	They						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	they					asleep, fast property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Octopuses cannot really change colour at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Octopuses	octopus	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 change	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 change	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 change	advmod
4	really	really	ADV	_	5 change	advmod
5	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 change	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 change	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not change	can	Octopuses	colour		all			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/28-colour-in-nature/t7/