Exam question 2 · Water: the most amazing liquid

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of boiling upon drinking water?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: effect · What happens: follow, characteris, drink, effect · To what, where: effect, water, boiling

This is exam question 2 of lesson 34 «Water: the most amazing liquid» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 effect	det
10	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 boiling	case
12	boiling	boiling	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 effect	nmod
13	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	14 drinking	mark
14	drinking	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 effect	acl
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 drinking	obj
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the effect of boiling	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	drink	gerund	the effect of boiling not said here	water		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient
4	effect			boiling		nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

All dissolved salts are removed entirely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 salts	det
2	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 salts	amod
3	salts	salt	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 removed	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 removed	aux:pass
5	removed	remove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	5 removed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dissolve	participle							vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	remove	present · passive		all dissolved salts				entirely property	vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

All chemical contaminants are eliminated

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 contaminants	det
2	chemical	chemical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 contaminants	amod
3	contaminants	contaminant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 eliminated	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 eliminated	aux:pass
5	eliminated	eliminate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eliminate	present · passive		all chemical contaminants					vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The water is converted into a different substance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 water	det
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 converted	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 converted	aux:pass
4	converted	convert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	into	into	ADP	_	8 substance	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 substance	det
7	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 substance	amod
8	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 converted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	convert	present · passive		the water				into a different substance result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: subject=Patient into substance=Result

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Most germs are destroyed, but dissolved salt remains

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 germs	amod
2	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 destroyed	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 destroyed	aux:pass
4	destroyed	destroy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 remains	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 remains	cc
7	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 remains	amod
8	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 remains	compound
9	remains	remains	NOUN	Number=Ptan	4 destroyed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	destroy	present · passive		Most germs				dissolved salt remains obl	vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	dissolve	participle							vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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