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Test 5 · ★★★ · Water: the most amazing liquid

Gran says limescale in the kettle means the water is dirty. What's true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Gran, limescale, water · What happens: say, mean, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 34 «Water: the most amazing liquid» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Gran says limescale in the kettle means the water is dirty.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	limescale	limescale	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 means	nsubj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 kettle	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 kettle	det
6	kettle	kettle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 limescale	nmod
7	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 water	det
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 dirty	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 dirty	cop
11	dirty	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 means	ccomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Gran						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mean	present	limescale in the kettle						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	the water					dirty property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is minerals from rocks, not dirt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 minerals	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 minerals	cop
3	minerals	mineral	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 rocks	case
5	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 minerals	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 dirt	punct
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 dirt	advmod
8	dirt	dirt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 minerals	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	minerals and dirt		rocks			tree rules

Option 2

It is soap someone left in the water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 someone	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 someone	cop
3	soap	soap	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 someone	compound
4	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	root	root
5	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 someone	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 water	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 water	det
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 left	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	someone					tree rules
2	leave	participle						in the water result	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in water=Result

Option 3

It is germs in the pipes that turned white

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 germs	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 germs	cop
3	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 pipes	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 pipes	det
6	pipes	pipe	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 germs	nmod
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 turned	nsubj
8	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 pipes	acl:relcl
9	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 turned	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	germs		the pipes			tree rules
2	turn	past	the pipes					white property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

She's right, it is dirt and mud from old pipes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 dirt	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 dirt	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 dirt	cop
7	dirt	dirt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 right	parataxis
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 mud	cc
9	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 dirt	conj
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 pipes	case
11	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 pipes	amod
12	pipes	pipe	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 right	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	She			old pipes		right property	tree rules
2	is a	present	it	dirt and mud					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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