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Exam question 3 · Olympiad: everyday chemistry detectives ★★★

A candle placed beneath an inverted jar is extinguished. Ascertain the reason.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: candle, you · What happens: place, invert, be, ascertain · To what, where: candle, inverted jar, reason

This is exam question 3 of lesson 37 «Olympiad: everyday chemistry detectives ★★★» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A candle placed beneath an inverted jar is extinguished.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 candle	det
2	candle	candle	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 extinguished	nsubj
3	placed	place	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 candle	acl
4	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	7 jar	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 jar	det
6	inverted	invert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 jar	amod
7	jar	jar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 placed	obl
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 extinguished	cop
9	extinguished	extinguished	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 extinguished	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	place	participle		a candle not said here		a inverted jar			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent beneath jar=Destination
2	invert	participle							vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	a candle					extinguished property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the reason.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic

The options

Option 1

The jar has cooled the wax so that it cannot melt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 jar	det
2	jar	jar	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cooled	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cooled	aux
4	cooled	cool	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 wax	det
6	wax	wax	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cooled	obj
7	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	12 melt	mark
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 so	fixed
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 melt	nsubj
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 melt	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 melt	advmod
12	melt	melt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 cooled	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool	present · perfect · passive		the jar					tree rules
2	not melt	can	jar						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The wick has been dissolved by water vapour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wick	det
2	wick	wick	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dissolved	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 dissolved	aux
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 dissolved	aux:pass
5	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 vapour	case
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 vapour	compound
8	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dissolved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dissolve	present · perfect · passive	water vapour	the wick					vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The oxygen within the jar has largely been used up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 oxygen	det
2	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 used	nsubj:pass
3	within	within	ADP	_	5 jar	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 jar	det
5	jar	jar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 oxygen	nmod
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 used	aux
7	largely	largely	ADV	_	9 used	advmod
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 used	aux:pass
9	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	up	up	ADP	_	9 used	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use up	present · perfect · passive		the oxygen within the jar				largely property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

The carbon dioxide inside has caught fire

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 dioxide	det
2	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dioxide	compound
3	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 caught	nsubj:pass
4	inside	inside	ADV	_	3 dioxide	advmod
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 caught	aux
6	caught	catch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 caught	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch	present · perfect · passive		the carbon dioxide					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary fire=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/37-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives/e3/