Exam question 1 · Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises condensation?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: condensation

This is exam question 1 of lesson 5 «Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	condensation	condensation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		condensation				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The conversion of a liquid into a solid by cooling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 conversion	det
2	conversion	conversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 liquid	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 liquid	det
5	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conversion	nmod
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 solid	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 solid	det
8	solid	solid	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conversion	nmod
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 cooling	case
10	cooling	cooling	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conversion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	convert		cooling	a liquid		a solid			nom conversion «event transitive»: of=patient into=place by=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The conversion of a vapour into a liquid upon contact with a cooler surface

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 conversion	det
2	conversion	conversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 vapour	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 vapour	det
5	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conversion	nmod
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 liquid	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 liquid	det
8	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conversion	nmod
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 contact	case
10	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conversion	nmod
11	with	with	ADP	_	14 surface	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 surface	det
13	cooler	cool	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 surface	amod
14	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 contact	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	convert			a vapour		a liquid		upon contact with a cooler surface	nom conversion «event transitive»: of=patient into=place upon=obl

Option 3

The conversion of a solid into a liquid by the application of heat from without

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 conversion	det
2	conversion	conversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 solid	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 solid	det
5	solid	solid	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conversion	nmod
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 liquid	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 liquid	det
8	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conversion	nmod
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 application	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 application	det
11	application	application	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conversion	nmod
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 heat	case
13	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 application	nmod
14	from	from	ADP	_	2 conversion	nmod
15	without	without	ADP	_	14 from	fixed

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	convert		the application of heat	a solid		a liquid			nom conversion «event transitive»: of=patient into=place by=agent
2	apply		heat						nom application «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 4

The conversion of a liquid into a vapour at its surface

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 conversion	det
2	conversion	conversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 liquid	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 liquid	det
5	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conversion	nmod
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 vapour	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 vapour	det
8	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conversion	nmod
9	at	at	ADP	_	11 surface	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 surface	nmod:poss
11	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 vapour	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	convert			a liquid		a vapour at vapour's surface			nom conversion «event transitive»: of=patient into=place

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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