Exam question 2 · Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing
It is given that a sealed vessel completely filled with water has been placed in a freezer and is subsequently found fractured. Identify the principal cause.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, seal, fill, place, find, fracture · To what, where: It, sealed vessel, freezer, principal cause
This is exam question 2 of lesson 5 «Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that a sealed vessel completely filled with water has been placed in a freezer and is subsequently found fractured.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 placed | mark |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 vessel | det |
| 6 | sealed | seal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 vessel | amod |
| 7 | vessel | vessel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 placed | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | completely | completely | ADV | _ | 9 filled | advmod |
| 9 | filled | fill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 vessel | acl |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 water | case |
| 11 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 filled | obl |
| 12 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 placed | aux |
| 13 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 placed | aux:pass |
| 14 | placed | place | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 given | advcl |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 freezer | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 freezer | det |
| 17 | freezer | freezer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 placed | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 found | cc |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 found | aux:pass |
| 20 | subsequently | subsequently | ADV | _ | 21 found | advmod |
| 21 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 given | conj |
| 22 | fractured | fracture | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 found | xcomp |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | seal | participle | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | fill | participle | a sealed vessel not said here | with water; completely property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with water=Instrument | ||||
| 4 | place | present · perfect · passive | a sealed vessel | a freezer | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in freezer=Destination | ||||
| 5 | find | present · passive | subsequently property | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | fracture | participle | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Identify the principal cause.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 cause | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 cause | amod |
| 4 | cause | cause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal cause | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The vessel was attacked by the freezer's cold air
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 vessel | det |
| 2 | vessel | vessel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 attacked | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 attacked | aux:pass |
| 4 | attacked | attack | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 air | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 freezer | det |
| 7 | freezer | freezer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 air | nmod:poss |
| 8 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 7 freezer | case |
| 9 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 air | amod |
| 10 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 attacked | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | attack | past · passive | the freezer's cold air | the vessel | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
Option 2
The water contracted upon freezing and drew the walls inward
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 water | det |
| 2 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 drew | nsubj |
| 3 | contracted | contract | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 water | acl |
| 4 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 5 freezing | case |
| 5 | freezing | freezing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 contracted | obl |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 contracted | cc |
| 7 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 walls | det |
| 9 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 drew | obj |
| 10 | inward | inward | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 drew | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | contract | participle | the water not said here | upon freezing | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | draw | past | the water | the walls | inward property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Theme |
Option 3
The ice acquired a greater mass than the water
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 ice | det |
| 2 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 acquired | nsubj |
| 3 | acquired | acquire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 mass | det |
| 5 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 mass | amod |
| 6 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 acquired | obj |
| 7 | than | than | ADP | _ | 9 water | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 water | det |
| 9 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 mass | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | acquire | past | the ice | a greater mass | than the water | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mass=Theme |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
The water expanded in volume upon freezing
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 water | det |
| 2 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | expanded | expand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 water | acl |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 volume | case |
| 5 | volume | volume | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 expanded | obl |
| 6 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 freezing | case |
| 7 | freezing | freezing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 expanded | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | expand | participle | the water not said here | volume | upon freezing | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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