Exam question 4 · Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing

Identify the principal reason for which evaporation of water from the skin produces a sensation of cold.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, principal reason · What happens: identify, produce, evaporate · To what, where: principal reason, sensation, skin, water

This is exam question 4 of lesson 5 «Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 evaporation	case
6	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	7 evaporation	det
7	evaporation	evaporation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 water	case
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 evaporation	nmod
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 skin	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 skin	det
12	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 produces	obl
13	produces	produce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 sensation	det
15	sensation	sensation	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 produces	obj
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 cold	case
17	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 sensation	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		for which evaporation of water	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	produce	present	the principal reason not said here	a sensation of cold	the skin		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent sensation=Result from skin=Material
3	evaporate			water			nom evaporation «process transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Water is invariably colder than the skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 colder	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 colder	cop
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	4 colder	advmod
4	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 skin	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 skin	det
7	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 colder	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Water					than the skin; cold, invariably property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The escaping particles carry heat away from the body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 particles	det
2	escaping	escape	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 particles	amod
3	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 carry	nsubj
4	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 carry	obj
6	away	away	ADV	_	4 carry	advmod
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 body	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 body	det
9	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 carry	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	escape	gerund							vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	carry away	present	the escaping particles	heat		the body		away property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent heat=Theme from body=Initial_Location

Option 3

Evaporation introduces cold air into the skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Evaporation	evaporation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 introduces	nsubj
2	introduces	introduce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 air	amod
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 introduces	obj
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 skin	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 skin	det
7	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 introduces	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	introduce	present	Evaporation	cold air		the skin			vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient

Option 4

The skin produces cold in response to moisture

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 skin	det
2	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produces	nsubj
3	produces	produce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 produces	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 response	case
6	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produces	obl
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 moisture	case
8	moisture	moisture	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 response	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	present	the skin			response to moisture		cold property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/e4/