Exam question 4 · Mixing and dissolving

Identify the principal reason for which fish in a pond may suffer during periods of excessive heat.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, fish · What happens: identify, suffer · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 4 of lesson 6 «Mixing and dissolving» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 suffer	obl
7	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 suffer	nsubj
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 pond	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 pond	det
10	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fish	nmod
11	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 suffer	aux
12	suffer	suffer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	parataxis
13	during	during	ADP	_	14 periods	case
14	periods	period	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 suffer	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 heat	case
16	excessive	excessive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 heat	amod
17	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 periods	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	suffer	may	fish in a pond				during periods of excessive heat	for the principal reason	vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Fish are unable to swim in warm water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 unable	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 unable	cop
3	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 swim	mark
5	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 unable	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 water	case
7	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 water	amod
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 swim	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Fish					unable property	tree rules
2	swim	to-infinitive	Fish not said here			warm water			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Trajectory

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Warm water contains a greater quantity of dissolved salt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 water	amod
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 contains	nsubj
3	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 quantity	det
5	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 quantity	amod
6	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 contains	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 salt	case
8	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 salt	amod
9	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 quantity	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	Warm water	a greater quantity of dissolved salt					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot quantity=Theme
2	dissolve	participle							vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Warm water retains a lesser quantity of dissolved oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 water	amod
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 retains	nsubj
3	retains	retain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 quantity	det
5	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 quantity	amod
6	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 retains	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 oxygen	case
8	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 oxygen	amod
9	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 quantity	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retain	present	Warm water	a lesser quantity of dissolved oxygen					tree rules
2	dissolve	participle							vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

Sunlight renders pond water poisonous

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 renders	compound
2	renders	render	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pond	compound
3	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 water	compound
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 poisonous	nsubj
5	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/6-mixing-and-dissolving/e4/