Exam question 1 · Changes you can undo and changes you can't

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a reversible change?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: reversible change

This is exam question 1 of lesson 9 «Changes you can undo and changes you can't» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 change	det
10	reversible	reversible	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 change	compound
11	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a reversible change				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A change accompanied invariably by the emission of light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 change	det
2	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	accompanied	accompany	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 change	acl
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	3 accompanied	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 emission	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 emission	det
7	emission	emission	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 accompanied	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 light	case
9	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 emission	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accompany	participle		a change not said here				by the emission of light; invariably property	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by emission=Destination
2	emit			light					nom emission «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

A change in which atoms are destroyed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 change	det
2	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 destroyed	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 atoms	case
4	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	5 atoms	det
5	atoms	atom	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 change	nmod
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 destroyed	aux:pass
7	destroyed	destroy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	destroy	present · passive		a change in which atoms					vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3

A change in which new substances are formed by the rearrangement of atoms within molecules

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 change	det
2	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 formed	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 substances	case
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 substances	nsubj
5	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 substances	amod
6	substances	substance	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 change	nmod
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 formed	aux:pass
8	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 rearrangement	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 rearrangement	det
11	rearrangement	rearrangement	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 formed	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 atoms	case
13	atoms	atom	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 rearrangement	nmod
14	within	within	ADP	_	15 molecules	case
15	molecules	molecule	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 formed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present · passive	the rearrangement of atoms	a change in new substances				within molecules	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme
2	rearrange			atoms					nom rearrangement «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A change in which no new substance is formed and the original may be recovered

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 change	det
2	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 recovered	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 which	case
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 formed	obl
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 substance	det
6	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 substance	amod
7	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 formed	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 formed	aux:pass
9	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 change	acl:relcl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 original	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 original	det
12	original	original	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 formed	conj
13	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 recovered	aux
14	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 recovered	aux:pass
15	recovered	recover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present · passive		no new substance		a change			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
2	recover	may · passive		a change					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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