Exam question 2 · Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate

Select the response consistent with the established usage of the enquiry chī le ma.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: select, establish, use · To what, where: response, chī le ma

This is exam question 2 of lesson 1 «Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate» of the Chinese street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 usage	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 usage	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 usage	amod
8	usage	usage	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consistent	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	14 ma	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ma	det
11	enquiry	enquiry	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 ma	nsubj
12	chī	chī	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 ma	compound
13	le	le	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 ma	compound
14	ma	ma	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 usage	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle			vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	use			the chī le ma	nom usage «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It functions as a customary greeting rather than as an invitation to dine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 functions	nsubj
2	functions	function	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	as	as	ADP	_	6 greeting	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 greeting	det
5	customary	customary	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 greeting	compound
6	greeting	greeting	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 functions	obl
7	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	11 invitation	cc
8	than	than	ADP	_	7 rather	fixed
9	as	as	ADP	_	11 invitation	case
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 invitation	det
11	invitation	invitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 greeting	conj
12	to	to	PART	_	13 dine	mark
13	dine	dine	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 invitation	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	function	present	It					as a customary greeting rather a invitation	vn masquerade-29.6 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as greeting=Attribute
2	dine	to-infinitive							vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It is a valediction employed exclusively at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 valediction	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 valediction	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 valediction	det
4	valediction	valediction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 valediction	acl
6	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	5 employed	advmod
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 night	case
8	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 employed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a valediction					tree rules
2	employ	participle		a valediction not said here			night	exclusively property	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It is an enquiry regarding the hearer's state of health

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 enquiry	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 enquiry	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 enquiry	det
4	enquiry	enquiry	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	regarding	regard	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 state	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 hearer	det
7	hearer	hearer	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 state	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 hearer	case
9	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 enquiry	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 health	case
11	health	health	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 state	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a enquiry				regard the hearer's state of health	tree rules
2	regard	gerund							vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It constitutes a formal invitation to a banquet to be held that same evening

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 invitation	det
4	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 invitation	amod
5	invitation	invitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 banquet	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 banquet	det
8	banquet	banquet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 invitation	nmod
9	to	to	PART	_	11 held	mark
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 held	aux:pass
11	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 constitutes	advcl
12	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	14 evening	det
13	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 evening	amod
14	evening	evening	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 held	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a formal invitation				to a banquet	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme invitation=Pivot
2	hold	to-infinitive · passive					evening		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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