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Test 5 · ★★★ · Olympiad: tone detectives and number puzzles ★★★

★★★ Tyler from Texas says «no cap, yí ge and yì tiān are typos for yī». What's really going on?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Tyler, cap · What happens: say, be, go on · To what, where: typos · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 31 «Olympiad: tone detectives and number puzzles ★★★» of the Chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ Tyler from Texas says «no cap, yí ge and yì tiān are typos for yī».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ★	compound
2	★	★	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ★	compound
3	★	★	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 Tyler	nmod:desc
4	Tyler	Tyler	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 says	nsubj
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 Texas	case
6	Texas	Texas	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Tyler	nmod
7	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 cap	punct
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 cap	det
10	cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 typos	nsubj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 ge	punct
12	yí	yí	ADP	_	13 ge	case
13	ge	ge	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cap	appos
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 tiān	cc
15	yì	yì	ADP	_	16 tiān	case
16	tiān	tiān	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ge	conj
17	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 typos	cop
18	typos	typo	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 says	ccomp
19	for	for	ADP	_	20 yī	case
20	yī	yī	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 typos	nmod
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	18 typos	punct
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Tyler ★ ★ ★ from Texas						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a in a quote	present	no cap	typos				for yī	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's really going on?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 going	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 going	aux
3	really	really	ADV	_	4 going	advmod
4	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	4 going	compound:prt
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 going	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go on	present · progressive							vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

Southern kids just spell one differently

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Southern	southern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 kids	amod
2	kids	kid	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 spell	nsubj
3	just	just	ADV	_	4 spell	advmod
4	spell	spell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 spell	obj
6	differently	differently	ADV	_	4 spell	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spell	present	Southern kids	one				differently property	vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent one=Theme

Option 2

They're typos, he's bang on

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 typos	nsubj
2	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 typos	cop
3	typos	typo	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 bang	punct
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 bang	nsubj
6	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 bang	cop
7	bang	bang	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 typos	conj
8	on	on	ADP	_	7 bang	case

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	typos and bang					tree rules
2	is	present	he			bang			tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

yī changes its tone to suit the next syllable

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	yī	yī	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 changes	nsubj
2	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 tone	nmod:poss
4	tone	tone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 changes	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 suit	mark
6	suit	suit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 changes	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 syllable	det
8	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 syllable	amod
9	syllable	syllable	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 suit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	yī	its tone					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tone=Patient
2	suit	to-infinitive	yī not said here	the next syllable					tree rules
3	intonate		its = it						nom tone «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

They are two other words for one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 words	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 words	cop
3	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 words	nummod
4	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 words	amod
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 one	case
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 words	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	two other words				for one	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chinese-street/31-olympiad-tone-and-number-puzzles/t5/