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Exam question 4 · Sounds and letters: how phonics starts

It is given that a child speaks Arabic in the home and English at school. Ascertain the effect of the home language upon her acquisition of English phonics.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: child, you, English · What happens: give, speak, ascertain, effect, acquire · To what, where: It, Arabic, home, effect, home language, English phonics · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 4 of lesson 1 «Sounds and letters: how phonics starts» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a child speaks Arabic in the home and English at school.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 speaks	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 child	det
6	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 speaks	nsubj
7	speaks	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
8	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 speaks	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 home	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 home	det
11	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 speaks	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 English	cc
13	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 home	conj
14	at	at	ADP	_	15 school	case
15	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 home	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	speak speech: other	present	a child	Arabic		the home at school and English			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the effect of the home language upon her acquisition of English phonics.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 effect	det
3	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 language	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 language	det
6	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 language	compound
7	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 effect	nmod
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 acquisition	case
9	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 acquisition	nmod:poss
10	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 language	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 phonics	case
12	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 phonics	amod
13	phonics	phonic	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 acquisition	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the effect of the home language upon English's acquisition of English phonics					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Topic
2	effect			the home language upon English's acquisition of English phonics					nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
3	acquire		English	English phonics					nom acquisition «act transitive»: poss=agent of=patient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It does not impede her acquisition of English sounds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 impede	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 impede	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 impede	advmod
4	impede	impede	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 acquisition	nmod:poss
6	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 impede	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 sounds	case
8	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 sounds	compound
9	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 acquisition	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not impede	present · do-support	It	her acquisition of English sounds					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer acquisition=Eventuality
2	acquire		her = she	English sounds					nom acquisition «act transitive»: poss=agent of=patient

Option 2

It renders the acquisition of English sounds impossible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 renders	nsubj
2	renders	render	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 acquisition	det
4	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sounds	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 English	case
6	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 acquisition	nmod
7	sounds	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 renders	ccomp
8	impossible	impossible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sounds	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	present	It						tree rules
2	sound	present	the acquisition of English					impossible property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
3	acquire			English					nom acquisition «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

It causes every English letter to be confused with another

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 causes	nsubj
2	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	5 letter	det
4	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 letter	amod
5	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 causes	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	8 confused	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 confused	aux:pass
8	confused	confuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 letter	acl
9	with	with	ADP	_	10 another	case
10	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	8 confused	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present	It	every English letter					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition letter=Patient
2	confuse	to-infinitive · passive		every English letter not said here				with another	vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V PP»: with another=Co-Patient

Option 4

It obliges her to abandon the home language entirely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 obliges	nsubj
2	obliges	oblige	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 obliges	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 abandon	mark
5	abandon	abandon	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 obliges	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 language	det
7	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 language	compound
8	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 abandon	obj
9	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	5 abandon	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	oblige	present	It	her = she					vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent she=Patient clause=Result
2	abandon	to-infinitive		the home language				entirely property	vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Theme language=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/e4/