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Test 7 · Homophones and near-homophones

A cartoon bear holds a sign: «Bare crossing». What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: cartoon bear · What happens: hold, be · To what, where: sign

This is test 7 of lesson 11 «Homophones and near-homophones» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon bear holds a sign: «Bare crossing».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bear	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bear	compound
3	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 holds	nsubj
4	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sign	det
6	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 holds	obj
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 crossing	punct
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 crossing	punct
9	Bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 crossing	amod
10	crossing	crossing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 holds	parataxis
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 crossing	punct
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 holds	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	a cartoon bear	a sign					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It means uncovered; the animal is «bear»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	uncovered	uncover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 means	xcomp
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 bear	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 animal	det
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bear	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 bear	cop
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 bear	punct
9	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 means	parataxis
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 bear	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	It						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	uncover not said to happen	participle							tree rules
3	is a in a quote	present	the animal	bear					tree rules

Option 2

Nothing, bare is the animal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 bare	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	bare	bare	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 animal	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 animal	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 animal	det
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Nothing bare	the animal					tree rules

Option 3

«Bear» is only a verb, to carry

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Bear	punct
2	Bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 verb	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Bear	punct
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 verb	cop
5	only	only	ADV	_	7 verb	advmod
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 verb	det
7	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 carry	punct
9	to	to	PART	_	10 carry	mark
10	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 verb	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Bear	a verb					tree rules
2	carry	to-infinitive	Bear not said here						vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It should say «bair»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 say	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 say	aux
3	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 bair	punct
5	bair	bair	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 say	obj
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 bair	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	should	It	bair					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent bair=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/11-homophones-and-near-homophones/t7/