Test 1 · How to learn spellings that stick «write it out ten times, that's how we learned». Freddie wrote «becuase» ten times. What's the fix?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, that, we, Freddie, fix · What happens: write out, be, learn, write · To what, where: it, becuase
This is test 1 of lesson 15 «How to learn spellings that stick» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: «write it out ten times, that's how we learned».
punct obj compound:prt nummod obl:unmarked punct nsubj cop advmod nsubj parataxis punct punct root « PUNCT write VERB it PRON out ADP ten NUM times NOUN , PUNCT that PRON 's AUX how ADV we PRON learned VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 write punct 2 write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 write obj 4 out out ADP _ 2 write compound:prt 5 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 times nummod 6 times time NOUN Number=Plur 2 write obl:unmarked 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 how punct 8 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 10 how nsubj 9 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 how cop 10 how how ADV PronType=Int 12 learned advmod 11 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 learned nsubj 12 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 write parataxis 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 learned punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write out in a quote imperative you not said here it time vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 2 is in a quote present that how property tree rules 3 learn in a quote past we vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Freddie wrote «becuase» ten times.
nsubj punct obj punct nummod obl:unmarked punct root Freddie PROPN wrote VERB « PUNCT becuase NOUN » PUNCT ten NUM times NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Freddie Freddie PROPN Number=Sing 2 wrote nsubj 2 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 « « PUNCT _ 4 becuase punct 4 becuase becuase NOUN Number=Sing 2 wrote obj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 becuase punct 6 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 times nummod 7 times time NOUN Number=Plur 2 wrote obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past Freddie becuase time vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent becuase=Theme
Sentence 3: What's the fix?
cop det nsubj punct root What PRON 's AUX the DET fix NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 What cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 fix det 4 fix fix NOUN Number=Sing 1 What nsubj 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the fix tree rules
The options Option 1 · ✓ the right answer Look, say, cover, write, check, and check it again tomorrow
The tree, 10 words punct conj punct conj punct conj punct conj punct cc conj obj advmod obl:unmarked root Look VERB , PUNCT say VERB , PUNCT cover VERB , PUNCT write VERB , PUNCT check VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ check VERB it PRON again ADV tomorrow NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 say punct 3 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Look conj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 cover punct 5 cover cover VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Look conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 write punct 7 write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Look conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 check punct 9 check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Look conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 check punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 check cc 12 check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Look conj 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 check obj 14 again again ADV _ 12 check advmod 15 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN Number=Sing 12 check obl:unmarked
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look imperative you not said here vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 say speech: assert infinitive you not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 cover infinitive you not said here vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 4 write infinitive you not said here vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 check infinitive you not said here vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 6 check infinitive you not said here it again; tomorrow vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Option 2 Write it in capital letters only
obj case amod obl advmod root Write VERB it PRON in ADP capital ADJ letters NOUN only ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Write obj 3 in in ADP _ 5 letters case 4 capital capital ADJ Degree=Pos 5 letters amod 5 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 1 Write obl 6 only only ADV _ 1 Write advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here it capital letters vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in letter=Destination
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice Write it twenty times instead of ten
obj nummod obl:unmarked case fixed obl root Write VERB it PRON twenty NUM times NOUN instead ADV of ADP ten NUM The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Write obj 3 twenty twenty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 times nummod 4 times time NOUN Number=Plur 1 Write obl:unmarked 5 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 7 ten case 6 of of ADP _ 5 instead fixed 7 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 1 Write obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here it time instead ten vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Option 4 Stop practising and hope it sticks
xcomp cc conj nsubj ccomp root Stop VERB practising VERB and CCONJ hope VERB it PRON sticks VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 practising practise VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 hope cc 4 hope hope VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Stop conj 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 sticks nsubj 6 sticks stick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 hope ccomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 practise gerund you not said here tree rules 3 hope present you not said here vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 4 stick present it vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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