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Test 12 · How to learn spellings that stick

★★★ Freddie uses look, say, cover, write, check and writes «becuase» from memory. At which step should he catch it, and how?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★ Freddie, Freddie · What happens: use, look, say, cover, write, check · To what, where: becuase, memory, step · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 of lesson 15 «How to learn spellings that stick» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ Freddie uses look, say, cover, write, check and writes «becuase» from memory.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Freddie	compound
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
4	Freddie	Freddie	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 uses	nsubj
5	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 uses	ccomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 say	punct
8	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 look	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 cover	punct
10	cover	cover	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 look	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 write	punct
12	write	write	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 look	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 check	punct
14	check	check	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	6 look	parataxis
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 writes	cc
16	writes	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 check	conj
17	«	«	PUNCT	_	18 becuase	punct
18	becuase	becuase	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 writes	obj
19	»	»	PUNCT	_	18 becuase	punct
20	from	from	ADP	_	21 memory	case
21	memory	memory	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 writes	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 uses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	★ Freddie						vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	look	infinitive	★ Freddie not said here						vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
3	say speech: assert	infinitive	★ Freddie not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	cover	infinitive	★ Freddie not said here						vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
5	write	infinitive	★ Freddie not said here						vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	check	infinitive							vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
7	write	present		becuase		memory			vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent becuase=Result from memory=Material

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: At which step should he catch it, and how?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	3 step	case
2	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	3 step	det
3	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 catch	obl
4	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 catch	aux
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 catch	nsubj
6	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 catch	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 how	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 how	cc
10	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	6 catch	conj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 catch	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch	should	Freddie	step				at which step	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent it=Theme at step=Asset

The options

Option 1

Say: saying it aloud fixes the letters by itself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	3 saying	punct
3	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 fixes	csubj
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 saying	obj
5	aloud	aloud	ADV	_	6 fixes	advmod
6	fixes	fix	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Say	ccomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 letters	det
8	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fixes	obj
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 itself	case
10	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	6 fixes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	imperative	you not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	say speech: assert	gerund		it					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic
3	fix	present	saying	the letters				by itself = it; aloud property	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent letter=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Look: he looks at his own wrong word again until it looks right to him

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Look	look	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 looks	punct
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 looks	nsubj
4	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Look	conj
5	at	at	ADP	_	9 word	case
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 word	nmod:poss
7	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 word	amod
8	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 word	amod
9	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 looks	obl
10	again	again	ADV	_	1 Look	advmod
11	until	until	SCONJ	_	13 looks	mark
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 looks	nsubj
13	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Look	advcl
14	right	right	ADV	_	16 him	advmod
15	to	to	ADP	_	16 him	case
16	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 looks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	imperative	you not said here				again		vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
2	look	present	he					at his own wrong word	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at word=Theme
3	look	present	word		him = he				vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to he=Theme
4	word		his = he						nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

Cover: the hidden word shows him the slip

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cover	cover	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shows	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 shows	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 word	det
4	hidden	hidden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 word	amod
5	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shows	nsubj
6	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 shows	iobj
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 slip	det
9	slip	slip	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shows	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	Cover	the slip	word				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient slip=Topic

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Check: compare it letter by letter with the real word

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Check	check	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	3 compare	punct
3	compare	compare	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Check	conj
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 compare	obj
5	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 compare	obj
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 letter	case
7	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 compare	obl
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 word	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 word	det
10	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 word	amod
11	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 letter	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	check	imperative	you not said here						vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	compare	infinitive	you not said here	it				by letter with the real word	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/15-how-to-learn-spellings-that-stick/t12/